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1
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What is an example of a proposition that is in standard form? |
| | A) | Are cats fond of liver? |
| | B) | Some cats are animals that are fond of liver. |
| | C) | Cats love liver. |
| | D) | I declare that no more will cats be allowed liver in this house. |
| | E) | Yikes, a piece of liver! |
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2
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What is a categorical proposition? |
| | A) | A proposition that starts with a quantifier like "all," "no" or "some." |
| | B) | A proposition that sets down policy. |
| | C) | An absolute, unexceptional case. |
| | D) | A proposition that ends with a predicate. |
| | E) | A proposition that uses a schema, or model. |
| | F) | A proposition that starts with a premise-indicator. |
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3
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What is an argument called that claims the premises are sufficient for the conclusion to follow? |
| | A) | Inductive |
| | B) | Propostional |
| | C) | Hypothetical |
| | D) | Reductive |
| | E) | Deductive |
| | F) | Sound |
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4
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What distinguishes an inductive argument: |
| | A) | The premises are possibly false. |
| | B) | The premises include statistics. |
| | C) | The premises, if true, provide sufficient support for the conclusion to follow as true. |
| | D) | The premises, if true, provide at best partial support for the conclusion to follow as true. |
| | E) | The premises provide certainty in the relationship to the conclusion. |
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5
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What types of argument below are types of inductive reasoning? Circle all. |
| | A) | An argument based on mathematical theories or postulates. |
| | B) | A valid argument. |
| | C) | An argument based on statistical studies. |
| | D) | An argument based on an analogy. |
| | E) | A sound argument. |
| | F) | An argument about the past based on present evidence. |
| | G) | An argument about the present based on future evidence. |
| | H) | Cause and effect reasoning. |
| | I) | Fallacious arguments. |
| | J) | Predictions. |
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6
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What is not a deductive argument form? Circle all that are not deductive argumens. |
| | A) | A prediction. |
| | B) | Modus Ponens (If A then B. A, therefore, B). |
| | C) | Modus Tollens (If A then B. Not B, therefore not A). |
| | D) | Arguments based on analogy. |
| | E) | Cause and effect arguments. |
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7
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If this a valid argument: "No toxic substance should be consumed by small children. Lye is a toxic substance, so it should not be consumed by small children." |
| | A) | Yes it is valid. |
| | B) | No it is not valid, because the premises are not true. |
| | C) | No it is not valid because the premises do not support the conclusion. |
| | D) | No it is not valid because the argument is not sound. |
| | E) | No it is not valid because the argument is deductive. |
| | F) | No it is not valid because the argument is inductive. |
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8
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What do you need for an argument to be sound? Circle the one best answer: |
| | A) | The argument must be true. |
| | B) | The premises must be true. |
| | C) | The conclusion must be true. |
| | D) | The argument is valid. |
| | E) | The argument is inductive and the premises are strong. |
| | F) | The argument is valid and the premises are true. |
| | G) | The argument is valid and the premises are not all true. |
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9
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The argument "Either there's a small animal in the attic or our house is haunted. Our house is not haunted, so there must be a small animal in the attic" is an example of: |
| | A) | A disjunctive syllogism. |
| | B) | An inductive argument. |
| | C) | Modus Ponens |
| | D) | Hypothetical Syllogism. |
| | E) | Modus Tollens. |
| | F) | Cause and effect reasoning. |
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10
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Is this a valid argument: "All zots are splats. All blips are splats. Therefore all zots are blips." |
| | A) | Yes it is valid because all the premises are true. |
| | B) | No, it is invalid. |
| | C) | It's neither valid or invalid. |
| | D) | It's valid, but the premises are not true. |
| | E) | It's valid, but the premises make no sense. |
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11
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Is this a sound argument: "All rodents are animals. No animal is a moon of Jupiter. So, no rodent is a moon of Jupiter"? Circle the one best answer. |
| | A) | No, it is not sound because it is a deductive argument. |
| | B) | No, it is not sound because the premises are not true. |
| | C) | Yes, it is sound because it is an inductive argument. |
| | D) | Yes it is sound because it is valid. |
| | E) | Yes it is sound because the premises are true. |
| | F) | Yes it is sound because it is valid and the premises are true. |
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12
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Can an inductive argument be a sound argument? |
| | A) | No, because they can't be valid. |
| | B) | No, because they can't have true premises. |
| | C) | Yes because they can be valid. |
| | D) | Yes because they can have true premises. |
| | E) | Yes because they are deductive arguments. |
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13
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What form of argument is this: "Children are a lot like puppies. They are playful, they are destructive, people love to watch them, and they are cute. Puppies like dog biscuits, so that means children would like a dog biscuit too." |
| | A) | Valid argument. |
| | B) | Sound argument. |
| | C) | Cause and effect argument. |
| | D) | Argument based on analogy. |
| | E) | Argument about the past based on present evidence. |
| | F) | Deductive argument. |
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14
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What sort of arguments contain a wedge of doubt? |
| | A) | Sound arguments. |
| | B) | Valid arguments. |
| | C) | Invalid arguments. |
| | D) | Deductive arguments. |
| | E) | Inductive arguments. |
| | F) | Fallacies. |
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15
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Circle all the inductive arguments below: |
| | A) | Jack is a lot like Omar. He is tall, good-looking, and comes from Florida. Jack is a Muslim. Therefore, Omar must be a Muslim too. |
| | B) | Jack is a cook for a Himalaya mountain climbing group. All cooks are capable of doing several things at once. Therefore, Jack is capable of doing several things at once. |
| | C) | 95% of cooks prefer hot oatmeal to bagels for breakfast. Jack is a cook, so he'll prefer hot oatmeal over a bagel for breakfast today. |
| | D) | Mountain climbing usually causes one's nose to turn red. Jack is going mountain climbing today, so his nose will probably turn red today. |
| | E) | If you are a cook, you'll be asked to share recipes. Jack is a cook, so he'll be asked to share recipes. |
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