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1
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What does it mean for an argument to be cogent? |
| | A) | The reasoning is fallacious. |
| | B) | The reasoning is inductive and a strong argument. |
| | C) | The reasoning is deductive but not well-argued. |
| | D) | The reasoning is based on statistical studies. |
| | E) | The reasoning is clear, well-structured, and well-argued. |
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2
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To determine persuasiveness, what is a key question you should ask? |
| | A) | Is the reasoning based on precedent? |
| | B) | Is the reasoning convincing? |
| | C) | Is the reasoning emotionally sound? |
| | D) | Is the reasoning enlightened? |
| | E) | Is the reasoning based on facts, opinions, and ideas? |
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3
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What is a key difference between fact and speculation? |
| | A) | Facts are true or verifiable by means of the senses, speculation is false and without merit. |
| | B) | Facts rest on ideas, speculation rests on opinions. |
| | C) | Facts are sound, speculation is unsound. |
| | D) | Facts are based on truth or what can be proven, speculation is usually stated without evidence to back it up. |
| | E) | Facts are usually stated without evidence to back them up, speculation is based on insight or intuition. |
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4
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What do you seek to achieve with assumed neutrality? |
| | A) | To get your opinion out there for all to see. |
| | B) | To hide your opinion by arguing the opponent's position. |
| | C) | To be as objective as possible and give a balanced presentation. |
| | D) | To be as thorough as possible in presenting your own thesis. |
| | E) | To be as boring as possible so as not to inflame tempers. |
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5
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What is corroborating evidence: |
| | A) | Evidence that works together to support the conclusion, with no clear conflicts or contradictions |
| | B) | Evidence that is fallacious and should be removed. |
| | C) | Evidence that is independent. |
| | D) | Evidence that fails to work together to support the conclusion due to an internal flaw. |
| | E) | Evidence that has at least one conflict or contradiction. |
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6
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What is not a type of evidence covered in this chapter? |
| | A) | Cause and effect reasoning. |
| | B) | Primary vs. secondary evidence. |
| | C) | Use of analogies. |
| | D) | Use of statistical stufies. |
| | E) | Claims of fact. |
| | F) | Conditional claims. |
| | G) | Credible sources. |
| | H) | Circumstantial evidence. |
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7
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What is one of the distinguishing characteristics of circumstantial evidence? |
| | A) | It is based on context or happenstance. |
| | B) | It is relative to the speaker or viewer. |
| | C) | It is indirect evidence for a conclusion that may allow an alternative explanation. |
| | D) | It is direct evidence for a conclusion that does not allow an alternative explanation. |
| | E) | It guarantees the conclusion is true. |
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8
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When faced with cause and effect reasoning, what is one of the first things to do? |
| | A) | Eliminate alternative explanations for the effect. |
| | B) | Eliminate alternative explanations for the cause. |
| | C) | Eliminate all deductive claims. |
| | D) | Eliminate all inductive claims. |
| | E) | Eliminate all factual claims. |
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9
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What is examined when looking at the scope of a claim? |
| | A) | True vs. false claims. |
| | B) | Facts vs. opinions. |
| | C) | Cause and effect claims vs. the use of analogy. |
| | D) | Universal vs. particular claims. |
| | E) | The author vs. the audience of an argument. |
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10
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Circle all that are universal propositions: |
| | A) | All cows are animals that like pastures. |
| | B) | Some cows are animals that like to chew clover. |
| | C) | Some dows are not animals that like to eat donuts. |
| | D) | No cow is an animal that can fly through the air like Superman. |
| | E) | 45% of cows are Jerseys. |
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11
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What type of claim is "Some tigers are not found in the Toledo zoo"? |
| | A) | Universal. |
| | B) | Particular. |
| | C) | Subjective. |
| | D) | Interdependent. |
| | E) | Independent. |
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12
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What three things are important in statistical propositions? Circle all that are true. |
| | A) | The date of the study. |
| | B) | The author of the study |
| | C) | The size of the study. |
| | D) | The diversity of the study. |
| | E) | Past precedents for the styd. |
| | F) | Speculation in the study. |
| | G) | Facts and ideas behind the study. |
| | H) | Newsworthy qualities of the study. |
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13
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What is a value claim? Circle an example of a value claim: |
| | A) | Shrimp is more tasty than cod. |
| | B) | Monet's haystacks are the most beautiful oil paintings of the 20th C. |
| | C) | Cows are not rodents. |
| | D) | Should cows become experimental animals? |
| | E) | If a cow were a rat, then it would be considered a pest. |
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14
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What is not a key aspect of an analysis of a short paper: |
| | A) | Statement of the article's focus or thesis |
| | B) | List of facts, opinions, and ideas |
| | C) | Main points and organization |
| | D) | Use of language |
| | E) | Strengths |
| | F) | Weaknesses or omissions |
| | G) | Persuasiveness |
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15
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Circle all the conditional claims: |
| | A) | All surgeons are fond of jazz. |
| | B) | No pilot is fond of opera. |
| | C) | Either Juan is going to see The Story of the Weeping Camel or he'll see The Village. |
| | D) | If Juan sees The Story of the Weeping Camel, he'll learn about Mongolia. |
| | E) | Juan will watch Sixth Sense again, if he goes to see The Village. |
| | F) | Some pastries are not overly sweet. |
| | G) | Sugar causes Juan to get light-headed. |
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