| Absorption | Absorption is one of the rules of inference and thus a valid form of argument. It is of the form: "If A then B. Therefore, if A then (A and B)."
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| Conjunction | Conjunction is one of the rules of inference and thus a valid form of argument. It is of the form: "A. B. Therefore, A and B."
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| Constructive Dilemma | Constructive dilemma is one of the rules of inference and thus a valid form of argument. It is of the form: "If A then B, and if C then D. Either A or C. Therefore, either B or D."
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| Destructive Dilemma | Destructive dilemma is one of the rules of inference and thus a valid form of argument. It is of the form: "If A then B, and if C then D. Either not B or not D. Therefore, either not A or not C."
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| Disjunctive Syllogism | Disjunctive syllogism is one of the rules of inference and thus a valid form of argument. It is of the form: "Either A or B. A is not the case. Therefore, B is the case."
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| Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent | One of the formal fallacies. It takes the form: "If A then B. B. Therefore, A."
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| Fallacy of Denying the Antecedent | One of the formal fallacies. It takes the fom: "If A then B. A is not the case. Therefore, B is not the case either."
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| Formal fallacies | Forms of incorrect reasoning that are fallacious because of some kind of structural flaw that makes them invalid and unsound.
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| Hypothetical Syllogism | Hypothetical syllogism is one of the rules of inference and thus a valid form of argument. It is of the form: "If A Then B. If B then C. Therefore, if A then C."
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| Logical Addition (also called Addition) | Logical addition is one of the rules of inference and thus a valid form of argument. It is of the form: "A. Therefore, either A or B."
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| Modus Ponens | Modus ponens is one of the rules of inference and thus a valid form of argument. It is of the form: "If A then B. A, therefore, B."
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| Modus Tollens | Modus tollens is one of the rules of inference and thus a valid form of argument. It is of the form: "If A then B. not B, therefore, not A."
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| Rules of inference | Rules of inference are valid argument forms. These fit certain named patterns (e.g., Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens, etc.)
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| Simplification | Simplification is one of the rules of inference and thus a valid form of argument. It is of the form: "A and B. Therefore, A (or: Therefore, B)".
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| Sound argument | An argument that is valid (the premises are sufficient for the conclusionÑso if we assume the premises are true than the conclusion could not be false).
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| Valid argument | An argument in which the premises, if assumed true, would force the conclusion to be true as well. In a valid argument the premises are sufficient for the conclusionÑso if we assume the premises are true than the conclusion could not be false.
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