Glencoe Biology

Chapter 2: Principles of Ecology

Standardized Test Practice-English

1
Scientists who study the relationships among living organisms and their environment are called ____.
A)biotechnologists
B)ecologists
C)geologists
D)botanists
2
Observations and analyses made by scientists over long periods of time are called ____.
A)abiotic factors
B)biomes
C)commensalism
D)longitudinal analysis
3
A condition in which two or more organisms live closely together and benefit each other is called ____.
A)mutualism
B)trophism
C)commensalism
D)parasitism
4
Which of the following is not an accurate statement about the earth's polar regions?
A)They contain biotic factors.
B)They are part of the biosphere.
C)They are outside of the biosphere.
D)They contain abiotic factors.
5
Which of the following conditions would make an organism mutualistic with a tree and parasitic with fungi?
A)destroys nutrients needed by tree and the fungi.
B)neither helps nor harms tree, but benefits fungi.
C)protects tree bark from insects while depriving fungi of nutrients.
D)gains exposure to sunlight, but has had no effect on the fungi.
6
What does this figure show?

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A)energy flow from heterotrophs to autotrophs
B)energy flow from autotrophs to heterotrophs
C)a food chain involving only autotrophs
D)a food chain involving only heterotrophs
7
Each step in a food chain or food web is called a (an) ____.
A)trophic level
B)autotroph
C)symbiosis
D)biogeochemical cycle
8
A ____ is a model representing energy flow and interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.
A)population web
B)trophic level
C)biomass indicator
D)food web
9
What does this pyramid of numbers indicate?

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A)There are more hawks available for consumption than rodents.
B)There are fewer hawks available for consumption than rodents.
C)Snakes and hawks are primary consumers.
D)Third-level consumers are more abundant than primary producers.
10
Which statement is true regarding energy, according to this ecological pyramid?

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A)No heat energy is lost in an ecosystem.
B)There are fewer primary producers than secondary consumers.
C)There is more available energy in secondary consumers than primary consumers.
D)Ninety percent of the energy is transformed at each level.
11
Organisms recycle ____ back into the air during cellular respiration.
A)carbon dioxide
B)nitrogen
C)bicarbonates
D)soluble phosphate
12
The exchange of matter through abiotic factors and organisms is called the ____.
A)carbon cycle
B)nutrient web
C)biogeochemical cycle
D)phosphorus cycle
13
This picture represents the nitrogen cycle. What can be concluded based on this information?

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A)Nitrogen never enters plant roots.
B)Animals have no function in the cycle.
C)The cycle takes place primarily on land.
D)Bacteria is important in the cycle.
14
Based on this depiction of the carbon cycle, which of the following statements is true?

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A)Dead material is of no use in an ecosystem.
B)Carbon is a source of fossil fuels.
C)Carbon dioxide (CO2) is never released from the atmosphere.
D)Animals are not incorporated in the cycle.
15
What are two crucial functions of the carbon cycle?
A)keeps carbon dioxide from escaping atmosphere and slows diffusion.
B)prevents bicarbonates formation and slows photosynthesis.
C)provides fossil fuels and recycles carbon dioxide
D)prevents carbon dioxide from entering atmosphere and dissolves fossil fuels.
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