Chemistry: Matter and Change

Chapter 23: The Chemistry of Life

Standardized Test Practice

1
What two functional groups are contained in all amino acids?
A)carbonyl and halogen
B)carboxyl and amino
C)amido and ether
D)amino and amido
2
Proteins can form two three-dimensional structures. Changes in temperature, pH, and other factors will disrupt these structures. By what name do we know this disruption?
A)denaturation
B)helix
C)sheet
D)polypeptide
3
Which part of the general structure of an amino acid can vary?

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A)H2N
B)R
C)COOH
D)H
4
What functional groups characterize carbohydrates?
A)multiple carboxyl and one hydroxyl
B)multiple hydroxyl and one carbonyl
C)multiple carbonyl and multiple hydroxyl
D)multiple carbonyl and one hydroxyl
5
What six-carbon sugar is found in the blood and provides immediate energy for the body?
A)sucrose
B)fructose
C)galactose
D)glucose
6
Glucose and fructose are ________.

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A)stereoisomers
B)structural isomers
C)polymers
D)chiral
7
________________ are the building blocks of lipids.
A)Polysaccharides
B)Polymers
C)Carbohydrates
D)Fatty acids
8
What is the process in which triglycerides react with a strong, inorganic base such as sodium hydroxide to produce carboxylate salts and glycerol?
A)lipogenesis
B)saponification
C)peptide linkage
D)polymerization
9
What sort of bonds form when hydroxyl groups of glycerol combine with the carboxyl groups of fatty acids?

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A)aldehyde
B)ketone
C)ester
D)hydrogen
10
Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides. There are three components to a nucleotide. Which of the following correctly identifies those three parts?
A)nitrogen base, phosphate, and a five-carbon sugar
B)hydroxyl base, phosphate, and a five-carbon sugar
C)nitrogen base, phosphate, and a six-carbon sugar
D)nitrogen base, a protein, and a five-carbon sugar
11
What is the principle function of DNA?
A)stores genetic information
B)causes molecules to transfer from one place in the body to another
C)sends messages to different parts of the body
D)stores energy for later use
12
The sugar and phosphate groups in the DNA molecule form the ________.

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A)nucleotides
B)backbone
C)enzymes
D)lipids
13
The myriad set of chemical reactions that take place in the body so that cells can function is __________________.
A)cannibalism
B)catabolism
C)metabolism
D)anabolism
14
Most cellular reactions are only around 40% efficient; what happens to the waste energy?

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A)It is released as heat.
B)It is expelled as body waste.
C)It is stored for later use.
D)It is relased as sound.
15
What is the source of waste oxygen in photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy yields C6H12O6 + 6O2
A)carbon dioxide
B)water
C)sunlight
D)glucose
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