Chemistry: Matter and Change

Chapter 21: Hydrocarbons

Standardized Test Practice

1
What element is combined with carbon to form the simplest organic compounds, also known as hydrocarbons?
A)hydrogen
B)alcohols
C)nucleic acids
D)lipids
2
In fractional distillation the hydrocarbons composed of fewer carbon atoms rise up the column in the form of a _______________.
A)solid
B)liquid
C)distillate
D)gas
3
Which of the following compounds is not organic?

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A)CO2
B)CH4
C)C2H5
D)C12H22O11
4
What is the prefix name that indicates when six carbon atoms are present in the alkane chain structure?
A)pent
B)hex
C)hept
D)oct
5
The side chain on an alkane that appears to replace a hydrogen on the straight chain is a _________________.
A)parent chain
B)substituent group
C)longest chain
D)cross-linked chain
6
Use the general alkane relationship to determine the molecular formula of octane.

CnH2n+2
A)C8H22
B)C6H18
C)C8H18
D)C6H22
7
What is the identifying structural feature of alkenes?
A)single bonds
B)attachment of a halogen
C)double bond
D)triple bond
8
Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes because ________.
A)double bonds are stronger than single bonds
B)double bonds are weaker than single bonds
C)alkenes have more valence electrons than alkanes
D)double bonds provide a good site for chemical reactivity
9
One common use of ethyne (also known as acetylene) is in ________.

2C2H2 + 5O2 yields 4 CO2 +2H2O
A)oil refining
B)welding
C)food preservation
D)oxygen production
10
What physical structure must be present to have geometric isomers, also known as cis— and trans— isomers?
A)double bond
B)single bond
C)triple bond
D)cyclic structure
11
What term is used to describe isomers that have all the atoms bonded in the same order but arranged differently in space?
A)structural isomers
B)nonisomers
C)polymers
D)stereoisomers
12
One important property of optical isomers is that they ________ light.

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A)absorb
B)block
C)polarize
D)reflect
13
Organic compounds that are composed of carbon chains are referred to by a special name. What kind of compounds are these?
A)aliphatic compounds
B)aromatic compounds
C)allylic compounds
D)alkalinic compounds
14
What is the main source of hydrocarbons?
A)petroleum
B)grains
C)waste products
D)combustion
15
Benzene is relatively stable because the electron pairs forming double bonds are ________.

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A)delocalized
B)deconstructed
C)delineated
D)de-emphasized
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