Glencoe World GeographyChapter 24:
The Cultural Geography of South AsiaWeb Activity Lesson Plans"Kashmir" Introduction
Students have read about the cultural geography of south Asia and the dispute
between India and Pakistan over the territory of Kashmir. In this lesson they
will study more in-depth the issues surrounding the Kashmir conflict.
Lesson Description
Students will use information from the Flashpoint Kashmir: Special Report Web
site of BBC News to learn more about the Kashmir conflict. They will read about
the various factions involved in the dispute, the impact that terrain and climate
have on the conflict, and the role of religion in shaping the issues. Students
will answer four questions and will then use what they have learned to write an
essay about the disputed territory of Kashmir.
Instructional Objectives - Students will gain an in-depth understanding of the issues surrounding the
conflict in Kashmir.
- Students will use what they have learned to write an essay about the disputed
territory of Kashmir.
Applied Content Standards
Standard 6: The geographically informed person knows and understands how culture
and experience influence people's perceptions of places and regions.
Standard 10: The geographically informed person knows and understands the characteristics,
distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics.
Standard 13: The geographically informed person knows and understands how the
forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control
of Earth's surface.
Standard 15: The geographically informed person knows and understands how physical
systems affect human systems.
Student Web Activity Answers- The Line of Control (LOC) is a demarcation line established in 1949 as a
cease-fire line. It was reestablished in 1972. The line runs through mountainous
terrain at an altitude of about 16,405 feet (5,000 m). The climate conditions
are so extreme that the bitter cold claims more lives that the fighting.
- The Siachen glacier is located north of the Line of Control, at an altitude
of 19,686 feet (6,000 m). The glacier is the highest battlefield on Earth.
The air is so thin that the trajectory of artillery shells is unpredictable.
Like conditions along the LOC, the bitter cold claims more lives than the
fighting. Supplying troops on such a remote and inaccessible battlefield can
be ruinously expensive for two developing countries. For example, only special
helicopters can operate at the high altitude. Avalanches, altitude sickness,
and hidden crevasses pose constant dangers to the soldiers.
In earlier negotiations, neither India nor Pakistan pressed for an agreement
on a border demarcating the glacier. Some analysts say the lack of interest
in establishing a border may have been because neither country thought the
glacier's harsh inhospitable terrain was worth occupying. Others suggest the
issue was avoided because it would have meant drawing a line to a part of
Kashmir administered by China but claimed by India. - Religion is an important aspect of the dispute. Pakistan is a Muslim country,
a religion practiced by the majority of the Kashmir people. This common faith
underpins Pakistan's claim to the entire Kashmir territory. The population
of the Indian-controlled part of Kashmir (the state of Jammu and Kashmir)
is over 60 percent Muslim, making it the only Indian state with a Muslim majority.
There have been incidents of sectarian violence.
- Approximately two thirds of the Kashmir territory is controlled by India
in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. About one third of the territory
is administered by Pakistan, which refers to their area as "Azad"
(Free) Kashmir. The population of Jammu and Kashmir is around 9 million inhabitants,
while Azad Kashmir has about 3 million people.
- Students should discuss the three main factions in the conflict (the Indian
government, the pro-Pakistan insurgents, and the pro-independence movement)
and the various groups belonging to each faction. Proposals discussed on the
site (such as a vote by the Kashmiri people to decide status, international
mediation, and adopting the LOC as an international border) as well as any
original solutions from the students should be addressed in the essay.
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