|
1 | | Three of the following statements express general beliefs of the Progressives. Which is the exception? |
| | A) | an optimistic vision that society is capable of improvement |
| | B) | a belief that growth and progress should not occur recklessly as they had in the late nineteenth century |
| | C) | a conviction that direct, purposeful human intervention in social and economic affairs was needed to order and improve society and play an important role in improving and stabilizing society |
| | D) | a dedication to the theory that the natural law of the marketplace and the doctrines of laissez faire and Social Darwinism would help solve societal problems |
| | E) | a belief in the transformational power of enlightened public opinion |
|
|
|
2 | | Ida Tarbell and Lincoln Steffens were most closely associated with |
| | A) | muckraking. |
| | B) | the Social Gospel. |
| | C) | Social Darwinism. |
| | D) | sociological jurisprudence. |
| | E) | the Settlement House movement. |
|
|
|
3 | | One of the most significant examples of the Social Gospel at work was |
| | A) | Tammany Hall. |
| | B) | the Salvation Army. |
| | C) | the Chamber of Commerce. |
| | D) | the General Federation of Women's Clubs. |
| | E) | the Hull House. |
|
|
|
4 | | The Social Gospel |
| | A) | brought attention to public scandal. |
| | B) | became the dominant philosophy in urban reform. |
| | C) | was dismissed by serious reformers as irrelevant moralization. |
| | D) | was rejected as materialistic by Pope Leo XIII. |
| | E) | helped bring to Progressivism a powerful moral component. |
|
|
|
5 | | Most historians |
| | A) | view Progressivism as a movement of the "people" against the special interests. |
| | B) | view Progressivism as the efforts of a displaced elite to regain their former status within American society. |
| | C) | view Progressivism as the efforts of corporate leaders to protect themselves from competition. |
| | D) | cannot agree about the nature of Progressivism. |
| | E) | view Progressivism as the belief the environment shapes individual development. |
|
|
|
6 | | One of the strongest elements of Progressive thought stressed that ignorance, poverty, and even criminality resulted mainly from |
| | A) | a person's "fitness" for survival. |
| | B) | inherent moral or genetic failings. |
| | C) | the workings of divine providence. |
| | D) | lack of standardized education. |
| | E) | the effects of an undesirable environment. |
|
|
|
7 | | Jane Addams's Hull House was established for the purpose of |
| | A) | treating the insane. |
| | B) | rehabilitating drug addicts. |
| | C) | aiding the urban poor, especially immigrants. |
| | D) | disseminating scientific farming information. |
| | E) | educating the urban poor. |
|
|
|
8 | | Progressive humanitarian efforts emphasized the need for |
| | A) | compassion. |
| | B) | understanding of ethnic differences. |
| | C) | scientific expertise. |
| | D) | racial cooperation. |
| | E) | education |
|
|
|
9 | | Professional organizations were designed to defend their professions from all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | incompetent practitioners. |
| | B) | excessive competition. |
| | C) | gender and ethnic discrimination. |
| | D) | a denigration of their prestige within American society. |
| | E) | entry into the professions. |
|
|
|
10 | | The professional roles available to women in the early twentieth century were |
| | A) | widely expanded by custom and law into virtually every field of work. |
| | B) | restricted entirely to the settlement houses and social work. |
| | C) | free of the organizational trends characterizing the male professional world. |
| | D) | most often those involving "helping" or "domestic" activities associated with traditionally female roles. |
| | E) | were quite similar to those available to men. |
|
|
|
11 | | The women's club movement tended to attract |
| | A) | the rural poor. |
| | B) | recent immigrants. |
| | C) | the urban working classes. |
| | D) | the urban middle and upper classes. |
| | E) | the rural middle classes. |
|
|
|
12 | | In general, the women's club movement |
| | A) | confined its activities to social and cultural activities. |
| | B) | seldom adopted positions on controversial public issues. |
| | C) | overtly challenged the prevailing assumptions about the proper role of women in society. |
| | D) | mostly consisted of political organizations. |
| | E) | played an important role in winning passage of state laws regulating conditions of housing and the workplace. |
|
|
|
13 | | The advocates of women's suffrage significantly increased their general public support during the Progressive Era when they put increased emphasis on the argument that women's suffrage would |
| | A) | lead to full social and economic power for women within a generation. |
| | B) | increase political power and office-holding opportunities available to women. |
| | C) | bring more women into the industrial work force, thereby countering recession. |
| | D) | enhance the likelihood of the successful enactment of other progressive reform causes. |
| | E) | lead directly to a prohibition amendment. |
|
|
|
14 | | During the first two decades of the twentieth century, before the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, women gained the right to vote in at least some elections in |
| | A) | all the states. |
| | B) | only a few states in the Far West. |
| | C) | the majority of the states. |
| | D) | one of the states. |
| | E) | only a few states in the Northeast. |
|
|
|
15 | | The most important professional opportunity open to educated African-American women in the early years of the twentieth century was |
| | A) | law. |
| | B) | medicine. |
| | C) | education. |
| | D) | journalism. |
| | E) | "pink collar" work. |
|
|
|
16 | | The secret ballot was adopted by most states |
| | A) | right after the Constitution was ratified. |
| | B) | during the rise of "Jacksonian democracy." |
| | C) | during the Reconstruction period. |
| | D) | during the late nineteenth century. |
| | E) | during the Civil War. |
|
|
|
17 | | During the progressive period, a new form of city government was developed in which the elected city officials hired a professionally trained administrator to run the government. This administrator was usually known as the |
| | A) | strong mayor. |
| | B) | city manager. |
| | C) | municipal commissioner. |
| | D) | urban administrative specialist. |
| | E) | municipal manager. |
|
|
|
18 | | Which of the following was NOT a Progressive electoral reform measure? |
| | A) | recall |
| | B) | initiative |
| | C) | referendum |
| | D) | election by district or ward |
| | E) | direct primary |
|
|
|
19 | | Robert M. La Follette was significant in the Progressive period of American history as |
| | A) | an investigative reporter. |
| | B) | a reform mayor of Cleveland. |
| | C) | a reform governor of Wisconsin. |
| | D) | a corrupt city boss of New York. |
| | E) | an electoral reformer. |
|
|
|
20 | | Partly in response to Progressive political reforms, the |
| | A) | power of party organizations collapsed. |
| | B) | turnout of eligible voters increased. |
| | C) | influence of special-interest groups increased. |
| | D) | influence of party bosses disappeared. |
| | E) | influence of special-interest groups decreased. |
|
|
|
21 | | As a reformer, Theodore Roosevelt |
| | A) | rebelled against the leaders of his party. |
| | B) | became an advocate of radical change. |
| | C) | became an advocate of cautious, moderate change. |
| | D) | became an opponent of Progressive reform. |
| | E) | pursued his own personal agenda. |
|
|
|
22 | | The outcome of the government's case against the Northern Securities Company in 1904 was that |
| | A) | Theodore Roosevelt gave up the attempt to bust the trusts. |
| | B) | this railroad monopoly was ordered to be dissolved. |
| | C) | the Sherman Antitrust Act was declared unconstitutional. |
| | D) | the Sherman Antitrust Act was ruled inapplicable in this case. |
| | E) | the Sherman Antitrust Act was declared constitutional. |
|
|
|
23 | | The expression "square deal," as used by Theodore Roosevelt, meant that the federal government would |
| | A) | combat racial injustice. |
| | B) | provide jobs for everyone. |
| | C) | be favorable to labor unions. |
| | D) | treat all interests impartially. |
| | E) | combat impure meat-packing practices. |
|
|
|
24 | | With respect to government-controlled public lands, Roosevelt generally favored |
| | A) | absolute preservation in their natural state. |
| | B) | leasing for unrestricted private exploitation. |
| | C) | conservation with carefully managed development. |
| | D) | outright sale to private developers who could use the land in any way they wished. |
| | E) | aggressive development with little regard for conservation. |
|
|
|
25 | | The central issue in the Pinchot-Ballinger controversy was |
| | A) | the national income tax. |
| | B) | the tariff. |
| | C) | trust busting. |
| | D) | the right of labor to bargain collectively. |
| | E) | conservation. |
|
|
|
26 | | The New Nationalism of Theodore Roosevelt called for |
| | A) | strengthening the regulatory powers of the federal government. |
| | B) | returning to the laissez-faire principles of the late nineteenth century. |
| | C) | investing the states with the largest responsibility for controlling the trusts and regulating industry. |
| | D) | a vigorous program of trust busting to restore free competition and thus obviate the need for government regulation. |
| | E) | weakening the regulatory powers of the federal government. |
|
|
|
27 | | President Taft |
| | A) | was able to maintain the support of both the progressive and conservative wings of the Republican Party. |
| | B) | actively worked to push lower tariff rates through a reluctant Congress. |
| | C) | had difficulty gaining election to the White House, even as Roosevelt's handpicked successor. |
| | D) | left office as the most decisively defeated president of the twentieth century. |
| | E) | aggressively promoted land conservation. |
|
|
|
28 | | The New Freedom of Woodrow Wilson called for |
| | A) | strengthening regulatory powers of the federal government. |
| | B) | returning to laissez-faire principles of the late nineteenth century. |
| | C) | investing the states with large responsibility for controlling trusts and regulating industry. |
| | D) | actively pushing lower tariff rates through Congress. |
| | E) | a vigorous program of trust busting to restore free competition. |
|
|
|
29 | | In the election of 1912, the Progressive Party was known by the nickname |
| | A) | Bull Moose. |
| | B) | Half-breed. |
| | C) | Mugwump. |
| | D) | teddy bear. |
| | E) | New Nationalists. |
|
|
|
30 | | The effect of the Progressive Party's entrance into the presidential election of 1912 was to |
| | A) | make no difference whatsoever in the outcome. |
| | B) | split the Republican vote and allow the Democrat to win. |
| | C) | split the Democratic vote and allow the Republican to win. |
| | D) | prevent any of the three parties from gaining a majority in the electoral college. |
| | E) | win the presidency. |
|
|
|
31 | | The Underwood-Simmons tariff, one of the first major pieces of legislation passed in Wilson's administration, was significant in that it |
| | A) | was passed over the president's veto. |
| | B) | caused a major split in the Democratic Party. |
| | C) | substantially lowered the tariff and enacted an income tax. |
| | D) | actually raised average rates, although called a reform measure. |
| | E) | instructed businesses in advance if their actions were acceptable. |
|
|
|
32 | | An important feature of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 was that it |
| | A) | made the recurrence of a major depression impossible. |
| | B) | provided for a more elastic currency in the form of Federal Reserve notes. |
| | C) | required all banks in the nation to become members of the Federal Reserve system. |
| | D) | established a central bank in which individuals could safely deposit their savings. |
| | E) | launched prosecutions against unfair trade practices. |
|
|
|
33 | | One of the most important functions of the Federal Trade Commission was to |
| | A) | bust trusts. |
| | B) | promote American exports. |
| | C) | guarantee the rights of labor. |
| | D) | regulate businesses and prevent unfair trade practices. |
| | E) | strengthen regulatory practices of the government. |
|
|
|
34 | | In 1916, Congress passed the Keating-Owen Act to regulate child labor. Congress attempted to justify this legislation under its power to |
| | A) | tax. |
| | B) | promote the general welfare. |
| | C) | regulate interstate commerce. |
| | D) | protect the health and safety of all citizens. |
| | E) | enforce tariffs. |
|
|