|
1 | | The Southern failure to create a flourishing commercial or industrial economy was in part the result of |
| | A) | a lack of business talent in the South. |
| | B) | an unwillingness on the part of the Southerners to take risks. |
| | C) | a set of values distinctive to the South that discouraged the growth of cities and industry. |
| | D) | a slave labor force that could not work successfully in industry. |
| | E) | All these answers are correct. |
|
|
|
2 | | The most important economic development in the mid-nineteenth-century South was the |
| | A) | invention of the cotton gin. |
| | B) | shift of economic power from the "upper South" to the "lower South." |
| | C) | increased agricultural diversity of the region. |
| | D) | decline in the price of slaves. |
| | E) | spread of railroads. |
|
|
|
3 | | The expansion of Southern agriculture from 1820 to 1860 was due to the expanded cultivation of |
| | A) | western rice. |
| | B) | tobacco in Kentucky. |
| | C) | Louisiana sugar. |
| | D) | short-staple cotton in the Black Belt. |
| | E) | long-staple cotton on the Carolina-Georgia coast. |
|
|
|
4 | | The South in 1860, in contrast to 1800, had become |
| | A) | a primarily rural and agricultural region. |
| | B) | increasingly unlike the North and increasingly sensitive to criticism. |
| | C) | a region where political power rested in the hands of small farmers. |
| | D) | more urban and more industrialized. |
| | E) | densely populated. |
|
|
|
5 | | A minority of Southern whites owned slaves, |
| | A) | and nonslaveholders dominated the political system in the region. |
| | B) | but the slaveholding planters exercised power and influence far in excess of their numbers. |
| | C) | so slavery was not very important in the lives of most whites. |
| | D) | and most whites were happy with it that way. |
| | E) | and they treated the slaves as equals. |
|
|
|
6 | | The South had a "colonial" economy in that |
| | A) | most of its land was owned by outside interests. |
| | B) | it employed slave labor. |
| | C) | it produced raw materials and purchased finished products. |
| | D) | it had little political power. |
| | E) | it was taxed without representation. |
|
|
|
7 | | According to the "cavalier" image, Southern planters were |
| | A) | mostly horse breeders. |
| | B) | really a rough-and-tumble group of people. |
| | C) | genteel aristocrats. |
| | D) | successful agricultural businessmen. |
| | E) | womanizers. |
|
|
|
8 | | The Southern concept of honor |
| | A) | mirrored that of the North. |
| | B) | resulted in the adoption of an elaborate code of chivalry. |
| | C) | had little to do with slavery. |
| | D) | did not extend to the practice of dueling. |
| | E) | encouraged widespread cohabitation between planters and their female slaves. |
|
|
|
9 | | Most Southern white "ladies" were |
| | A) | less subordinate to men than in the North. |
| | B) | relatively isolated from people outside their own families. |
| | C) | better educated than their Northern counterparts. |
| | D) | more likely to engage in public activities or income-producing employment than their Northern counterparts. |
| | E) | None of these answers is correct. |
|
|
|
10 | | The typical white Southerner was |
| | A) | a planter with many slaves and a lot of land. |
| | B) | a small-town merchant or professional man. |
| | C) | extremely poor. |
| | D) | a modest yeoman farmer. |
| | E) | a hunter/trapper. |
|
|
|
11 | | Although most whites did not own slaves, most supported the plantation system because |
| | A) | it controlled the slaves. |
| | B) | they had economic ties to it. |
| | C) | slaveholder and nonslaveholder were often related. |
| | D) | they identified with fierce regional loyalties. |
| | E) | All these answers are correct. |
|
|
|
12 | | Which of the following was NOT a condition of slave life in the South? |
| | A) | an adequate if rough diet |
| | B) | hard work, even for women and children |
| | C) | the freedom to use the time after work as they wished |
| | D) | isolation and control |
| | E) | the ability to keep their families intact |
|
|
|
13 | | The slave codes of the Southern states |
| | A) | imposed a uniformly harsh and dismal regime for Southern slaves. |
| | B) | allowed slaves a great deal of flexibility and autonomy. |
| | C) | created a paternal and benevolent relationship between master and slave. |
| | D) | contained rigid provisions but were unevenly enforced. |
| | E) | allowed slaves to buy their freedom. |
|
|
|
14 | | Slaves seemed to prefer to live on larger plantations because |
| | A) | masters supervised workers personally and often worked alongside them. |
| | B) | they had more opportunities for privacy and for a social world of their own. |
| | C) | masters seemed more concerned with their health and welfare. |
| | D) | the work was lighter and provisions were more abundant. |
| | E) | it was easier to loaf on the job. |
|
|
|
15 | | Which of the following statements about Southern slavery is true? |
| | A) | Most of the slaveowners owned more than ten slaves. |
| | B) | Most of the slaves lived on farms with less than ten slaves. |
| | C) | The majority of slaveowners were small farmers, but the majority of slaves lived on plantations of medium or large size. |
| | D) | The majority of slaveowners lived on medium or large plantations, but most slaves lived and worked on small farms. |
| | E) | most slaves had some unsupervised time during the workday. |
|
|
|
16 | | Slave resistance in the South often took all of the following forms EXCEPT |
| | A) | armed revolts. |
| | B) | petty thievery. |
| | C) | work slowdowns. |
| | D) | running away. |
| | E) | All these answers are correct. |
|
|
|
17 | | Slaves used music |
| | A) | primarily to entertain whites. |
| | B) | solely as a means of entertaining themselves. |
| | C) | that was influenced heavily by American music. |
| | D) | as a means of expressing their dreams and frustrations. |
| | E) | to pass the time of day. |
|
|
|
18 | | African-American religion |
| | A) | was condoned by the masters. |
| | B) | emphasized deliverance in the next world. |
| | C) | sometimes combined Christianity with traditional African religions. |
| | D) | primarily occurred under the guidance of white ministers. |
| | E) | encouraged slave revolts. |
|
|
|
19 | | The historical debate over the nature of plantation slavery demonstrates |
| | A) | the difficulty in researching a field in which few documents exist. |
| | B) | the extent to which historians are influenced by the times in which they write. |
| | C) | basic agreement that slavery was a brutal, savage institution that dehumanized all participants. |
| | D) | that black slaves in the South were generally content and happy with their lot. |
| | E) | slavery was an American invention. |
|
|
|
20 | | In The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom (1976), Herbert Gutman argues that |
| | A) | slave families were better treated and lived in greater comfort than did Northern industrial workers. |
| | B) | the black family survived slavery with impressive strength. |
| | C) | slavery destroyed the significance of the father in the black family. |
| | D) | slaves were unable to establish strong family ties. |
| | E) | slavery promoted strong family ties. |
|
|
|
21 | | The only "successful" slave insurrection in the nineteenth-century South was led by |
| | A) | Gabriel Prosser. |
| | B) | Denmark Vesey. |
| | C) | Nat Turner. |
| | D) | Frederick Douglass. |
| | E) | Dred Scott. |
|
|
|
22 | | Black adaptation to slavery |
| | A) | revealed a passive contentment with bondage. |
| | B) | produced a rich and complex culture in support of racial pride and unity. |
| | C) | undermined black conversion to Christianity. |
| | D) | resulted in the loss of all cultural elements of African life. |
| | E) | created the image of the hard-working laborer. |
|
|
|
23 | | Slave families |
| | A) | consistently operated on the model of the "nuclear family." |
| | B) | condemned premarital pregnancies. |
| | C) | generally lived on a single plantation. |
| | D) | did not place much emphasis on extended kinship networks. |
| | E) | emulated white family values. |
|
|