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1 | | The American population between 1820 and 1840 |
| | A) | grew fastest in the South. |
| | B) | became increasingly rural. |
| | C) | doubled. |
| | D) | was not growing as fast as the population of Europe. |
| | E) | was migrating westward. |
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2 | | The rise of New York City in the first half of the nineteenth century was the result of all of the following EXCEPT |
| | A) | a superior natural harbor. |
| | B) | liberal state laws that made the city attractive for both foreign and domestic commerce. |
| | C) | an absence of "nativist" sentiment. |
| | D) | unrivaled access to the interior. |
| | E) | the primary port of entry for European immigrants. |
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3 | | At the time it was completed, the Erie Canal was |
| | A) | already obsolete. |
| | B) | beginning to fill with silt from the Great Lakes. |
| | C) | the greatest construction project Americans had ever undertaken. |
| | D) | cited as an example of how not to construct a canal. |
| | E) | already paid for. |
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4 | | Which of the following helped enlarge the urban population in this era? |
| | A) | immigrants from Europe |
| | B) | northeast farmers |
| | C) | the growth of the population as a whole |
| | D) | immigrants from Europe and the growth of the population as a whole |
| | E) | All these answers are correct. |
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5 | | The nativist movement wanted to |
| | A) | return all land to Native Americans. |
| | B) | enact more restrictive naturalization laws. |
| | C) | increase aid to education so voters would be literate. |
| | D) | make immigrants feel this was their home. |
| | E) | end all immigration. |
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6 | | One of the immediate results of the new transportation routes constructed during the "canal age" was |
| | A) | an increased white settlement in the Northwest. |
| | B) | an increased white settlement in the Southwest. |
| | C) | the renewed cooperation between states and the national environment on internal improvement projects. |
| | D) | the conviction that the national government should be responsible for all internal improvements. |
| | E) | the dominance of steamboat transport. |
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7 | | During the 1820s and 1830s, railroads |
| | A) | played only a secondary role in the nation's transportation system. |
| | B) | replaced canals as the most important means of transportation. |
| | C) | generated little interest among American businessmen. |
| | D) | consisted of a few long lines, which were not connected to water routes. |
| | E) | were built alongside the canals. |
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8 | | The most profound economic development in mid-nineteenth-century America was the |
| | A) | development of a national banking system. |
| | B) | creation of corporations. |
| | C) | decline of the small-town merchant and general store. |
| | D) | rise of the factory. |
| | E) | decline of American agriculture. |
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9 | | The telegraph |
| | A) | was expensive to use and thus offered limited advantages for American industry. |
| | B) | slowly developed as a tool for commerce in the United States. |
| | C) | was intended to replace newspapers. |
| | D) | was invented in just a week by Samuel F. B. Morse. |
| | E) | was first used to announce the victory of James K. Polk in the presidential election of 1844. |
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10 | | The great technical advances in American industry owed much to |
| | A) | American inventors. |
| | B) | national research universities. |
| | C) | innovative businessmen. |
| | D) | labor unions. |
| | E) | All these answers are correct. |
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11 | | The beginnings of an industrial labor supply can be traced to |
| | A) | overcrowding in American cities. |
| | B) | a dramatic increase in food production. |
| | C) | the use of slaves in manufacturing industries. |
| | D) | an increase in European immigration. |
| | E) | an excess agricultural labor force. |
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12 | | The Lowell or Waltham system of recruiting labor was to |
| | A) | enlist young women from farm families. |
| | B) | recruit whole families from rural areas. |
| | C) | recruit newly arrived immigrants. |
| | D) | enlist young men from farm families. |
| | E) | provide liberal pay and living conditions. |
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13 | | The paternalistic factory system of Lowell and Waltham did not last long because |
| | A) | workers resented being watched over so carefully. |
| | B) | in the highly competitive textile market, manufacturers were eager to cut labor costs. |
| | C) | unions undermined the owners' authority. |
| | D) | men found jobs in the factories, and they disliked the paternalistic system. |
| | E) | it adversely affected work quality. |
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14 | | Most of the industrial growth experienced in the United States between 1840 and 1860 took place in the |
| | A) | South and Southwest. |
| | B) | Old Northwest. |
| | C) | New England region and the mid-Atlantic states. |
| | D) | Ohio Valley. |
| | E) | southern Great Lakes region. |
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15 | | Artisan workers |
| | A) | successfully made the transition to factory work. |
| | B) | created the nation's earliest trade unions. |
| | C) | had abandoned the republican vision of American work. |
| | D) | allied themselves with the new capitalist class. |
| | E) | developed a niche market catering to the middle class. |
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16 | | Which of the following was NOT a technological advance that sped the growth of industry during this period? |
| | A) | better machine tools |
| | B) | interchangeable tools |
| | C) | improved water-power generators |
| | D) | new steam engines |
| | E) | the development of wood stoves |
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17 | | The railroad network that developed during this period linked |
| | A) | the Northeast to the Northwest. |
| | B) | the Northeast to the Gulf Coast. |
| | C) | the East Coast to the West Coast. |
| | D) | New York to New Orleans. |
| | E) | Richmond to Atlanta. |
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18 | | Crucial to the operation of railroads was |
| | A) | a system of federal railroad regulations. |
| | B) | the invention of the telegraph. |
| | C) | slave labor to build the lines. |
| | D) | a canal and river system that supported the lines. |
| | E) | the fuel switch from wood to coal. |
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19 | | Which of the following did NOT inhibit the growth of effective labor resistance? |
| | A) | ethnic divisions between natives and immigrants |
| | B) | the availability of cheap labor |
| | C) | slavery |
| | D) | the strength of the industrial capitalists |
| | E) | laws unfavorable to labor |
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20 | | The unequal distribution of wealth NOT create more resentment was |
| | A) | the actual living standard of the workers was improving. |
| | B) | there was no social mobility, but people were content to stay where they were in the social system. |
| | C) | geographic mobility was limited, so there were few other opportunities. |
| | D) | the political system offered few ways to express resentment. |
| | E) | All these answers are correct. |
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21 | | In the middle-class family during this era, the role of women changed from |
| | A) | helpmate to workmate. |
| | B) | "republican mother" to "democratic female." |
| | C) | passive domestic to radical feminist. |
| | D) | income producer to income consumer. |
| | E) | obedient helpmate to coequal partner in the household. |
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22 | | Shakespeare's plays |
| | A) | were generally viewed as entertainment for the nation's elite classes. |
| | B) | led to a riot at the Astor Place Opera House. |
| | C) | were not particularly enjoyed by antebellum Americans. |
| | D) | were played before quiet, respectful audiences in American cities. |
| | E) | were performed in America by British actors. |
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23 | | The growth of the agricultural economy of the Northwest affected the sectional alignment of the United States because |
| | A) | northwestern goods were sold to residents of the Northeast. |
| | B) | northeastern industries sold their products to the Northwest. |
| | C) | northwestern grain was sold to the South, which allowed it to grow more cotton. |
| | D) | the Northwest was able to feed itself so it did not align with any other section. |
| | E) | northwestern goods were sold to residents of the Northeast and northeastern industries sold their products to the Northwest. |
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