Chapter 1 – Elements of Music: Sound, Rhythm, Melody, and Harmony

Sound
Rhythm
Melody
Harmony

Chapter 2 – Elements That Structure Music – Key, Texture, and Form

Key
Texture
Form

Chapter 3 – Musical Instruments and Ensembles

Voices and Vocal Ensembles
Stringed Instruments Plucked Stringed Instruments
Bowed Stringed Instruments
Woodwinds
Brasses
Percussion Instruments Definite Pitch
Indefinite Pitch
Keyboard Instruments
Electronic Instruments
Instruments in Non-Western Cultures
Instrumental Ensembles Chamber Ensembles
The Orchestra
The Wind Ensemble
The Conductor

Chapter 4 – Medieval Music

First Hearing/Finale: Viderunt omnes (All have seen), Léonin
Medieval Sacred Music Gregorian Chant
Short Listening Example: Beginning of "Salve Regina"
* Listening Guide: "Dies irae" ("Day of Wrath") chant
Hildegard of Bingen * Listening Guide: O pastor animarum (Shepherd of souls), Hildegard of Bingen
The Live Experience
* Life in a Medieval Convent
The Mass
Polyphony and Measured Rhythm
* Listening Guide: Viderunt omnes (All have seen) by Léonin
Guillaume de Machaut Listening Guide: "Agnus Dei," Machaut
Hearing the Difference * "Dies irae" and Machaut’s "Agnus Dei"
Medieval Secular Music Improvised Accompaniment to Monophonic Songs * Listening Guide: "Tant m’abelis" ("So much I love"), Berenguier de Palou
The Motet Summary
Characteristics of Medieval Music

Chapter 5 – Renaissance Music

First Hearing/Finale: "Ave Maria," Josquin des Prez
Renaissance Sacred Music Josquin des Prez
Listening Guide: "Ave Maria," Josquin des Prez
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Listening Guide: "Kyrie," Palestrina
Hearing the Difference
* Josquin’s "Ave Maria" and Palestrina’s "Kyrie"
Renaissance Secular Music The Madrigal in Italy
The Madrigal in England
Listening Guide: "Fair Phyllis" by Farmer
The Live Experience
Madrigal Singing in Homes
The Chanson in France
The Lied in Germany
Lute Songs
* Listening Guide: "Flow my tears" John Dowland
Renaissance Instrumental Music
Listening Guide: "Three Dances from Terpsichore," Praetorius
The Live Experience
Renaissance Dances
Summary
Characteristics of Renaissance Music

Chapter 6 – Baroque Opera

First Hearing/Finale: "Thy Hand Belinda," "When I am laid in earth," Purcell
The Birth of Opera
Baroque Vocal Styles
Claudio Monteverdi Listening Guide: "Tu se’ morta" ("You are dead") from Orfeo
The Live Experience
Opera Singers of the Baroque
Opera Outside of Italy
Henry Purcell Listening Guide: * "Thy Hand Belinda," "When I am laid in earth," Purcell
Hearing the Difference * Dowland’s "Flow my tears" and Purcell’s "When I am laid in earth"
Summary

Chapter 7 – Cantata

First Hearing/Finale: Cantata no. 140 "Wachet Auf" ("Sleepers Awake") mvt. 7, Bach
The Secular Cantata
The Chorale The Live Experience
Basso Continuo Players
The Sacred Cantata
Johann Sebastian Bach* Listening Guide: Cantata no. 140 "Wachet Auf," ("Sleepers Awake") *mvt. 4
*mvt. 7
Summary

Chapter 8 – Oratorio

First Hearing/Finale: Messiah, "Ev’ry valley," Handel
Oratorio
George Frideric Handel Messiah
Listening Guides: "Comfort ye,"
"Ev’ry valley,"
and "Hallelujah," Handel
Hearing the Difference
* Bach’s Cantata no. 140 "Wachet Auf" ("Sleepers Awake"), seventh movement and Handel’s "Hallelujah," from Messiah
The Live Experience
* Oratorio Performers
The Passion Summary

Chapter 9 – Baroque Solo and Chamber Music

First Hearing/Finale: "The Little Fugue in G Minor," Bach
Keyboard Music
Fugue Listening Guide: "The Little Fugue in G Minor," Bach
The Live Experience
Playing the Organ
Suite* Listening Guide: Bourree I from Cello Suite no. 3 in C major, BWV 1009, Bach
Sonata Elisabeth-Claude Jacquet de la Guerre
* Listening Guide: Aria from Sonata for violin and basso continuo, Jacquet de la Guerre
Summary

Chapter 10 – The Baroque Orchestra

First Hearing/Finale: "Spring," mvt. 1, Vivaldi
The Orchestra * Listening Guide: Menuet from Water Music, Handel
The Concerto The Live Experience
Playing Solos in Baroque Music
Concerto Grosso Listening Guide: Brandenburg 5, mvt. 1, Bach
Solo Concerto
Antonio Vivaldi Listening Guide: "Spring," mvt. 1, Vivaldi
* mvt. 2
* mvt. 3
The Live Experience Attending a Concert
Summary
Characteristics of Baroque Music

Chapter 11 – The Classical Symphony

First Hearing/Finale: Symphony no. 94 in G Major, "Surprise," mvt. 2, Haydn
Three and Four Movement Structures The Live Experience
* Why composers write "boring" slow movements
The Classical Orchestra The Live Experience
The Duties of the Conductor
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Single Movement Sonata Form Exposition
Development
Recapitulation
* Listening Guide: Symphony no. 40 in G Minor, mvt. 1, by Mozart
Theme and Variations Form * Listening Guide: Symphony no. 94 in G Major, mvt., 2 "Surprise" by Haydn
Minuet and Trio Form Listening Guide: Symphony no. 40 in G Minor, mvt. 3, by Mozart
Hearing the Difference
* Vivaldi’s "Spring," first movement from The Four Seasons, and Mozart’s Symphony no. 40 in G Minor, first movement
Summary

Chapter 12 – The Classical Concerto

First Hearing/Finale: Piano Concerto no. 23 in A Major, mvt. 1, Mozart (Move material from the Live Experience box in the first edition to the new general chapter)
The Live Experience
* What composers need to know to write their music
Listening Guide: Piano Concerto no. 23 in A Major, mvt. 1, Mozart
Hearing the Difference
* Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto no. 5, first movement and Mozart’s Piano Concerto no. 23, first movement
Summary

Chapter 13 – Classical Chamber Music

First Hearing/Finale: String Quartet op. 33, no. 3, mvt.4, Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn
String Quartets Listening Guide: String Quartet op. 33, no. 3, mvt.4, Haydn
Chamber Sonatas*Listening Guide: Grande Sonata no. 85 for flute and guitar, mvt.3, Scherzo, Giuliani
The Live Experience
The Performance of Chamber Music
Summary

Chapter 14 – Classical Vocal Music

First Hearing/Finale: "Non più andrai" ("No More Will You") from The Marriage of Figaro, Act 1, Mozart
Haydn’s Vocal Music
Classical Opera The Marriage of Figaro
The Characters
The Plot
*Listening Guide: "Non so più cosa son" ("I don’t know what I am any more") from The Marriage of Figaro, Act I, Mozart
Listening Guide: "Non più andrai" ("No More Will You") from The Marriage of Figaro, Act. 1, Mozart
The Live Experience
Classical and Romantic Opera Singers
Summary

Chapter 15 – The Music of Beethoven

First Hearing/Finale: Sym. no. 5 in C Minor, mvt. 1, Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven Listening Guides: Sym. no. 5 in C Minor, mvt. 1 Beethoven
Hearing the Difference
* Haydn’s Symphony no. 94, second movement and Beethoven’s Symphony no. 5, second movement
The Classical Piano *Listening Guide: Moonlight Sonata, mvt. 1, Beethoven
Summary
Characteristics of Classical Music

Chapter 16 – Romantic Songs

First Hearing/Finale: "Erlkönig" ("King of the Elves"), Schubert
The Salon
Art Song
Franz Schubert Listening Guide: "Erlkönig" ("King of the Elves")
Robert and Clara Schumann Listening Guide: "Im wunderschönen Monat Mai" ("In the wonderfully lovely month of May") from Dichterliebe A Poet’s Love, R. Schumann
* Listening Guide: "Leibst du um Schönheit" ("If you love for beauty’s sake"), Clara Schumann
Summary

Chapter 17 – Romantic Piano Music

First Hearing/Finale: Nocturne, Op.9, no.2, Chopin
Frederic Chopin and Franz Liszt * Listening Guide: Nocturne, Op.9, no.2, Chopin
* Listening Guide: "Erlkönig," a transcription by Liszt
Summary

Chapter 18 – Romantic Program Music

First Hearing/Finale: Symphonie fantastique, mvt. 5, Berlioz
Hector Berlioz Smphonie fantastique (The Fantastic Symphony) Listening Guide: Symphonie fantastique, mvt. 5, Berlioz
Hearing the Difference
Beethoven’s Symphony no. 5, first movement and Berlioz’s Symphonie fantastique, fifth movement
Other Program Music The Live Experience
The Importance of the Program in Program Music
Summary

Chapter 19 – Nationalism in the Romantic Era

First Hearing/Finale: The Moldau, Smetana
Bedrich Smetana Listening Guide: The Moldau, Smetana
Summary

Chapter 20 – The Concert Overture

First Hearing/Finale: Romeo and Juliet Overture, Tchaikovsky
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Listening Guide: Romeo and Juliet Overture, Tchaikovsky
The Live Experience
* Shakespeare’s "Romeo and Juliet" retold in many different ways
Summary

Chapter 21 – The Romantic Concerto

First Hearing/Finale: Violin Concerto in E Minor, mvt. 1, Mendelssohn
Felix Mendelssohn and Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel
Mendelssohn’s Concerto Listening Guide: Violin Concerto in E Minor, mvt. 1, Mendelssohn
Hearing the Difference
Vivaldi’s "Spring," first movement, from The Four Seasons, and Mendelssohn’s Violin Concerto, first movement
Summary

Chapter 22 – Romantic Choral Music

First Hearing/Finale: Ein Deutsches Requiem (A German Requiem), op. 45, mvt.4, Brahms
Johannes Brahms
Brahms’s Requiem* Listening Guide: Ein Deutsches Requiem (A German Requiem), op. 45, mvt.4
Summary

Chapter 23--Late Romantic Symphonies

First Hearing/Finale: New World Symphony, mvt. 4, Dvo¿ák
Romantic Symphonies * Listening Guide: Brahms Sym. IV, mvt. 4
Antonin Dvorak Listening Guide: New World Symphony, mvt. 4, Dvo¿ák
Other Late Romantics
Gustav Mahler Listening Guide: Symphony no. 1, mvt. 3, Mahler
Summary

Chapter 24 – Romantic Opera in France and Italy

First Hearing/Finale: "O terra, addio" (Oh earth, goodbye") from Aida, Verdi
French Opera
Italian Opera
Giuseppe Verdi* Listening Guide: "O terra, addio" (Oh, earth, goodbye") from Aida, Verdi
Giacomo Puccini Listening Guide: "Si, mi chiamano Mimi" ("Yes, they call me Mimi") from La Bohème, Act 1
The Live Experience
* Attending an opera
Summary

Chapter 25 – Romantic German Opera

First Hearing/Finale: "Grane, mein Ross!" ("Grane, my horse!") and finale, Wagner
Richard Wagner * Listening Guide: "Grane, mein Ross!" ("Grane, my horse!") and finale from Götterdämmerung, Wagner
The Live Experience
Productions of Operas
Summary
Characteristics of Romantic Music

Chapter 26 – Impressionism and Symbolism

First Hearing/Finale: Prélude a L’apres-midi dun faune (Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun), Debussy
Claude Debussy Listening Guide: Prélude a L’apres-midi dun faune (Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun)
Hearing the Difference Smetana’s "The Moldau" and Debussy’s Prélude a L’après-midi d’un faune (Prelude to "The Afternoon of a Faun)
Maurice Ravel Summary

Chapter 27 – Primitivism and Neoclassicism

First Hearing/Finale: Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring), Introduction through "The Ritual of Abduction," Stravinsky
Primitivism
Igor Stravinsky Listening Guide: Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring), Introduction through "The Ritual of Abduction," Stravinsky
Neoclassicism * Listening Guide: The Dumbarton Oaks Concerto, mvt.1, Stravinsky
Summary

Chapter 28 – Eastern European Nationalism

First Hearing/Finale: The Concerto for Orchestra, mvt. 4, Bartók
Bela Bartók * Listening Guide: The Concerto for Orchestra, mvt. 4, Bartók
Summary

Chapter 29 – Germanic Expressionism and the Development of Serialism

First Hearing/Finale: No. 18, "Der Mondfleck" ("Moonfleck") from Pierrot lunaire (Moonstruck Pierrot), Op. 21, Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg * Listening Guide: No. 18, "Der Mondfleck" ("Moonfleck") from Pierrot lunaire (Moonstruck Pierrot), Op. 21
Other Serial Composers * Listening Guide: Five Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 10, mvt. 3, Webern
Summary
Characteristics of Twentieth-Century Music (to World War II)

Chapter 30 – American Music before World War II

First Hearing/Finale: "When Jesus Wept," Billings
The Seventeenth Century
The Eighteenth Century Listening Guide: "When Jesus Wept," Billings
The Nineteenth Century Listening Guide: "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair" Foster
After the Civil War
Listening Guide: "Ah, Love, but a Day," Beach
Canadian Music Summary

Chapter 31 – Early Jazz Styles

First Hearing/Finale: "Lost Your Head Blues," Smith
Origins of Jazz Listening Guide: "Village Celebration" by the Mende Tribe of Sierra Leone
Ragtime *Listening Guide: "Maple Leaf Rag," Joplin
The Blues Listening Guide: "Lost Your Head Blues," Smith
Swing The Live Experience
Improvisation
Listening Guide: "It Don’t Mean a Thing, If It Ain’t Got that Swing," Ellington
Summary

Chapter 32 – Developments in Jazz in the Late Twentieth Century

First Hearing/Finale: "Ko Ko," Parker
Bebop Listening Guide: "Ko Ko," Parker
Cool Jazz
Fusion Listening Guide: "Miles Runs the Voodoo Down" (beginning), Davis
Hearing the Difference
Parker’s "Ko Ko" and Davis’s "Miles Runs the Voodoo Down"
Summary

Chapter 33 – American Classical Music Influenced by Early Jazz

First Hearing/Finale: Afro-American Symphony, mvt. 1, Still
George Gershwin Listening Guide: Rhapsody in Blue
William Grant Still Listening Guide: Afro-American Symphony, mvt. 1
Summary

Chapter 34 – Twentieth-Century American Classical Styles

First Hearing/Finale: "Fanfare for the Common Man," Copland
Charles Ives *Listening Guide: "The Unanswered Question,"
Aaron Copland Listening Guide: "Fanfare for the Common Man"
Ellen Taafe Zwilich Listening Guide: Symphony no. 1, mvt. 1
Hearing the Difference
* Beethoven’s Symphony no. 5, first movement and Zwilich’s Symphony no. 1, first movement
Summary

Chapter 35 – Musical Theater

First Hearing/Finale: "America," from West Side Story, Bernstein
Broadway Musicals
Leonard Bernstein Listening Guide: "America," from West Side Story
Later Musicals The Live Experience
M usicals Compared to Operas
Summary

Chapter 36 – Film Music

First Hearing/Finale: Main Title Theme from Star Wars, Williams
The Earliest Film Music
Early Sound Films
Later Film Scoring Practices Listening Guide: Main Title Theme from Star Wars, Williams
Summary
Note: A chapter on Rock Music will be available on the Web Site for the book

Chapter 37 – World Music

First Hearing/Finale: "Kang Mandor" Ujang Suryana
Musical Elements in Non-Western Musics
Indonesian--"Kang Mandor" Ujang Suryana
(3:24)
Chinese– "Moonlight on the Ching Yang River" Yo Su-Nan, T’ang Dynasty
Indian– * "Folk Melody based on Raga Des"
African - "Gadzo" ("Kayiboe, The Child is not Matured"), Ewe of Ghana
Summary

Chapter 38 – Post World War II Innovations

First Hearing/Finale: "The Banshee," Cowell
Henry Cowell * Listening Guide: "The Banshee"
John Cage Listening Guide: Sonata V
Hearing the Difference
* "Kang Mandor" by Ujang Suryana and Sonata V by John Cage
Electronic Music
Edgard Varèse Listening Guide: "Poème électronique" (excerpt)
The Live Experience
Performance Situations for Electronic Music
Terry Riley * Listening Guide: "In C," (excerpt) Riley
The Live Experience
* Performing in an Aleatoric Work
Summary

Chapter 39– Minimalism

First Hearing/Finale"Company," mvt. 2, Glass
Philip Glass Listening Guide: "Company," mvt. 2
Steve Reich * Listening Guide: "Electric Counterpoint," mvt. 3
John Adams * Listening Guide: "Short Ride in a Fast Machine"
Summary
Characteristics of Non-Western-Influenced Music in the West

Glossary
Credits
Performance Information for the 2-CD Set
Index