Human Geography: Landscapes of Human Activities, 11th Edition (Fellmann)

Chapter 2: Roots and Meaning of Culture

Multiple Choice Quiz

1
Since the end of the Paleolithic period the rate of innovation or invention has been:
A)declining.
B)fluctuating without a trend.
C)increasing.
D)remaining about the same.
2
The carrying capacity of a defined region would be lowest for:
A)hunter-gatherers.
B)intensive commercial agriculture.
C)subsistence agriculturists.
D)urban-industrial people.
3
The pyramid as a large monument is common to the ancient Egyptians and Mayans because:
A)of pre-Columbian voyages from the Mediterranean to the Americas.
B)of the diffusion of the pyramidal form across the Bering land bridge.
C)of the reality of independent parallel invention.
D)the Mayans were descended from the ancient Egyptians.
4
Which of the following was not an early culture hearth?
A)Andean region
B)Eastern Brazil
C)Mesopotamia
D)Syria
5
From the highest to lowest, the most accurate representation of cultural units is:
A)complex, realm, region, trait
B)realm, complex, region, trait
C)realm, region, complex, trait
D)trait, complex, region, realm
6
Which of the following regional-plant domestication associations is incorrect?
A)East Asia – coffee, cotton, okra, sorghum
B)Mediterranean – barley, celery, grapes, olives
C)Meso-America – beans, maize, manioc, squash
D)Southern and Southeastern Asia – papaya, potato, pumpkin, tomato
7
The relationship between a culture group and the natural environment it occupies is termed:
A)cultural ecology.
B)cultural convergence.
C)cultural diffusion.
D)culture hearth.
8
The Paleolithic period near the end of glaciation was characterized by:
A)sophisticated agricultural societies based upon irrigation.
B)subsistence tribal systems based on hunting and gathering.
C)the complete absence of human populations as we know them.
D)the development of culture hearths based on urban centers.
9
The movement of Black Americans from the rural south to the cities of the Northern United States is an example of which kind of diffusion?
A)permeable
B)contagious
C)expansion
D)relocation
10
The spread of Islam from its origins in Arabia outward across North Africa and the Middle East would be classified as what kind of diffusion?
A)expansion
B)hierarchical
C)permeable
D)relocation
11
All early culture hearths were urban centered, but one that was particularly trade oriented was that of:
A)Egypt.
B)Mesopotamia.
C)Minoan Crete.
D)West Africa.
12
Pleistocene overkill is a term used to describe:
A)the destruction of many species of plants from excessive use of fire by Stone Age societies.
B)the massive loss of human life resulting from the onset of glaciation.
C)the rapid increase in Paleolithic population due to warming of continents.
D)the Stone Age loss of whole species of large animals on inhabited continents.
13
One distinguishing feature of all culture hearths of the Old World and the Americas is their:
A)abandonment as centers of culture and settlement in modern times.
B)clustering in a band around the earth between 20 degrees south and 40 degrees north latitude.
C)confinement to lowland river valleys.
D)location on the western sides of continental land masses.
14
Which of the following is not a process of cultural change?
A)acculturation
B)diffusion
C)innovation
D)segregation
15
The center of the domestication of maize (corn) was:
A)Andean Uplands.
B)Eastern Brazil.
C)Meso-America.
D)West Africa.
16
Which of the following is not an indicator of the cultural landscape?
A)house types
B)kinship
C)size of settlements
D)transportation networks
17
Changes in culture, both major and minor, are induced by:
A)diffusion and religion.
B)innovation and diffusion.
C)innovation and language.
D)language and religion.
18
Which of the following is best classified as an element of the Ideological Subsystem of culture?
A)gross national product per capita
B)land and property ownership systems
C)literature
D)schools
19
The emergence of culture hearths occurred largely during which period?
A)Mesolithic
B)Neolithic
C)Paleolithic
D)Pleistocene
20
The belief that people, not environments, are the dynamic forces of cultural development is termed:
A)cultural convergence.
B)environmental determinism.
C)multilinear evolution.
D)possibilism.
21
The abrupt abandonment of Chaco Canyon resulted from:
A)contagious diffusion.
B)the destruction of the life supporting environment.
C)the domestication of animals, particularly horses.
D)environmental determinism.
22
Syncretism is the process of:
A)delaying the path of diffusion.
B)adoption of the traits of a more dominant culture.
C)fusing the old and new elements of culture.
D)rigorously organizing agriculture activities.
23
Animal domestication most likely occurred during which period?
A)Mesolithic
B)Neolithic
C)Paleolithic
D)Pleistocene
24
Cultural convergence is the:
A)merging of the original culture hearths.
B)sharing of technologies, organized structures, and culture traits among separated societies.
C)process of acculturation.
D)abandonment of older culture hearths for modern centers.
25
Of all the early culture hearths, which ones were urban centered?
A)all
B)none
C)only those in the Americas
D)only the Asian hearths
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