Physics Principles and Problems 2009

Chapter 7: Gravitation

Chapter Test Practice

1
If the mass of the Sun in the diagram below were doubled, what effect would it have on the planet's period of orbit?

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A)The new period would be one divided by the square root of two times the original period.
B)The new period would be one-half of the original period.
C)It would have no effect.
D)The new period would be twice the original period.
2
If the radius of the planet's orbit were doubled in the diagram below, what effect would it have on its period of orbit?

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A)More information is needed to determine the answer.
B)It would decrease.
C)It would increase.
D)It would have no effect.
3
According to Kepler's laws, the paths of the planets are __________.
A)parabolas
B)ellipses
C)Earth-centered
D)circles
4
The attractive force that exists between all masses is known as the __________.
A)gravitational force
B)centripetal force
C)torque
D)normal force
5
If the mass of the planet were doubled in the diagram below, what effect would it have on the period of its period of orbit?

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A)The new period would be twice the original period.
B)There would be no significant change in the period of the orbit.
C)The new period would be one-half the original period.
D)The new period would be one-quarter the original period.
6
If the mass of a planet near the Sun were doubled, the force of attraction would __________.
A)remain constant
B)be squared
C)be one half as strong
D)be doubled
7
Two balls have their centers 3.0 m apart. One ball has a mass of 2.7 kg. The other has a mass of 4.5 kg. What is the gravitational force between them? Assume G = 6.67×10-11 N·m2/kg2.
A)1.3×10-11 N
B)9.0×10-10 N
C)2.7×10-10 N
D)9.0×10-11 N
8
In Newton's equation for the law of universal gravitation, F = Gm1m2/r2, r is __________.
A)the distance between the centers of the masses
B)a universal constant
C)the distance between a planet and the Sun
D)the difference in the two masses
9
In 1798, __________ devised an apparatus to measure the gravitational force.
A)Henry Cavendish
B)Johannes Kepler
C)Isaac Newton
D)Tycho Brahe
10
According to Kepler's laws, an imaginary line from the Sun to a planet __________.
A)sweeps out equal areas in equal time periods
B)remains a constant length through the entire orbit of that planet
C)sweeps out larger areas the greater the planet's distance from the Sun than it would in the same time interval when closest to the Sun
D)sweeps out larger areas when the planet is closest to the Sun than it would in the same time interval when farthest from the Sun
11
According to Newton's law of universal gravitation in the case of a planet near the Sun, which of the following would necessarily cause the attractive force to be quadrupled?
A)square the mass of the planet
B)quadruple the distance from the Sun
C)halve the distance from the Sun
D)double the mass of the planet
12
Assume that you have a mass of 45.0 kg and Earth has a mass of 5.97×1024 kg. The radius of Earth is 6.38×106 m. What is the force of gravitational attraction between you and Earth? Use G = 6.67×10-11 N·m2/kg2.
A)6.60×102 N
B)2.80×102 N
C)9.80 N
D)4.40×102 N
13
Which of the following equations describes one of Kepler's laws?
A)(TA/rA)2 = (TB/rB)3
B)(TB/TA)2 = (rA/rB)3
C)(TA/TB)2 = (rA/rB)3
D)(TA/TB)3 = (rA/rB)2
14
Which of the following equations represents Newton's law of universal gravitation?
A)F = Gm1m2/r2
B)G = Fm1m2/r2
C)T3 = (4?2/Gms)r2
D)T = (4?2/Gms)r3
15
Two bowling balls each have a mass of 6.3 kg. They are located next to each other with their centers 16.5 cm apart. What gravitational force do they exert on each other? Assume G = 6.67×10-11 N·m2/kg2.
A)9.7×10-7 N
B)1.6×10-8 N
C)9.7×10-8 N
D)3.1×10-7 N
16
Two 1.00-kg masses have their centers 1.00 m apart. What is the force of attraction between them?
A)6.67×10-11 N
B)1.33×10-10 N
C)9.7×10-8 N
D)6.67×1011 N
17
According to Kepler's laws, which of the following statements is true?
A)All points on the path of the planet's orbit are equidistant from the Sun.
B)Planets move faster when they are closer to the Sun and slower when they are farther away.
C)Planets orbit at constant velocity.
D)Planets move slower when they are closer to the Sun and faster when they are farther away.
18
The time it takes a comet to complete one revolution is called the _______.
A)focus
B)orbit
C)period
D)ellipse
19
If you weigh 440.0 N on Earth's surface, how much would you weigh on the planet Mars? Mars has a mass of 6.42×1023 kg and a radius of 3.40×106 m.
A)557 N
B)235 N
C)1.4×103 N
D)166 N
20
A satellite orbits Earth 5.00×102 km above its surface. What is its period?
A)94.6 h
B)1.43 h
C)1.58 h
D)15.7 h
21
What is the orbital period for Landsat 7, which orbits the Earth at an altitude of 705 km?
A)1.65 h
B)3.14 h
C)0.0520 h
D)172 h
22
The __________ of an object is measured by applying a force to the object and measuring its acceleration.
A)inertial mass
B)weight
C)gravitational mass
D)resistance
23
A satellite orbits Earth 5.00×102 km above its surface. What is its orbital speed?
A)7.61×103 m/s
B)7.90×103 m/s
C)5.92×103 m/s
D)7.76×103 m/s
24
When Uranus was discovered, why didn't Newton's law of gravitation correctly predict its orbit?
A)The period of Uranus was not known at the time.
B)Newton's laws could not be applied over such great distances.
C)Newton's law of gravitation applies only to objects on Earth.
D)Uranus was being attracted by the planet Neptune.
25
If Earth began to shrink but its mass remained the same, what would happen to the value of g on Earth's surface?
A)It would remain constant.
B)It would decrease.
C)It would increase.
D)It would be halved.
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