Chemistry: Matter and Change

Chapter 4: The Structure of the Atom

Standardized Test Practice

1
Why were Democritus's ideas not science?

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A)They were not supported by experiment.
B)They were partly incorrect.
C)They went against the ideas of more influential philosophers.
D)They were ahead of their time.
2
Aristotle's ideas gained greater acceptance because ______.

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A)he backed up his ideas with experimental evidence.
B)he tested his ideas.
C)he was one of the most influentual philosophers of his time.
D)empty space cannot exist.
3
Which of the fallowing was not a feature of John Dalton's atomic research?

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A)careful observations and measurements
B)discovery of the atom's internal structure
C)mass ratios of elements involved in chemical reactions
D)experiments that refined and supported his hypothesis
4
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In the figure above, if atoms of element A have a mass of 12 units and atoms of element B have a mass of 1 unit, what is the total mass of the compound composed of elements A and B?
A)13 units
B)14 units
C)20 units
D)56 units
5
In Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment (shown above), oil droplets are suspended in an electric field. What provides the downward force on the suspended droplets?

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A)the positive charge on the top plate
B)the negative charge on the bottom plate
C)gravity
D)the strong nuclear force
6
What is the negatively—charged particle in an atom?
A)proton
B)positron
C)neutron
D)electron
7
Which of the following statements is correct?
A)An electron is about 2000 times more massive than a proton.
B)A proton is about 2000 times more massive than an electron.
C)A neutron will always be found orbiting the nucleus.
D)The nucleus is negatively charged.
8
What can you infer about the alpha particle based on the diagram above?

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A)The alpha particle must have a positive electric charge.
B)The alpha particle must have a negative electric charge.
C)The alpha particle is about as massive as the gold nucleus.
D)The alpha particle is repelled by electrons.
9
What is the name for atoms of an element that have different masses?
A)isotopes
B)isomers
C)allotropes
D)alloforms
10
How many protons are present in an atom potassium-39?
A)19
B)20
C)39
D)58
11
Which of the following is a correct statement about a neutral atom?
A)Neutrons are present in the nucleus.
B)The atoms carry a positive or a negative charge.
C)The atom has the same number of proton and electrons.
D)The atom is radioactive.
12
Using information from the table, which type of radiation would be unaffected by an electric or magnetic field?

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A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)all radiation is affected by electric and magnetic fields
13
What is the charge of a beta particle?
A)1+
B)2+
C)1-
D)0
14
How do gamma rays differ from alpha particles and beta particles?
A)Alpha particle and beta particle emissions result in the formation of new atoms, whereas gamma ray emissions do not.
B)Gamma rays and beta particles result in the formation of new atoms, but alpha particles do not.
C)Gamma rays and alpha particles result in the formation of new atoms, but beta particles do not.
D)Gamma rays have mass, whereas alpha and beta particles do not.
15
Unlike chemical reactions, nuclear reactions produce ________.
A)energy
B)new elements
C)molecules
D)light
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