Chemistry: Matter and Change

Chapter 24: Nuclear Chemistry

Chapter Test Practice

1
Isotopes are atoms of ________ that have __________.
A)the same element; different masses
B)different elements; the same masses
C)different elements; different masses
D)the same element; the same mass
2
Why can the mass of beta particles be ignored in nuclear reactions?

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A)Beta particles are massless.
B)Beta particles have negative mass.
C)Beta particles have extremely small mass.
D)The Beta particle's mass is canceled by another particle called a neutrino.
3
If the half-life of C-14 is 5730 years, how much C-14 would be left from a 5000 year-old sample that started as 150 grams?

N = N0(1/2)t/T
A)54 grams
B)82 grams
C)68 grams
D)95 grams
4
After 7.0 half-lives, how much P-32 will be left from an original sample of 225 grams?

N = N0(1/2)n
A)1.8 grams
B)223 grams
C)227 grams
D)117 grams
5
The reaction products of nuclear fusion are __________ than the reactants.
A)more massive
B)less massive
C)less radioactive
D)cooler
6
What do nuclear power plants and fossil-fuel burning power plants have in common?

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A)Both burn their fuel.
B)Both produce CO2 as a waste gas.
C)Both use heat to boil water.
D)Both use control rods to keep the reaction from getting too hot.
7
Which is not a potential advantage of nuclear fusion?

4H yields 2 beta + He + energy
A)Hydrogen fuel is abundant.
B)Fusion produces large amounts of energy.
C)Fusion requires extremely high energies to initiate and sustain.
D)Fusion reaction products are not generally radioactive.
8
A Geiger counter works because radiation ________ the gas inside the tube.

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A)reacts with
B)ionizes
C)deflects off
D)is absorbed by
9
A scintillation counter works because radiation creates ________ within the scintillation tube.

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A)heat
B)sound
C)light
D)motion
10
Radiotracers are useful because replacing a stable atom of an element in a reaction with one of its ________ does not alter the reaction.

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy yields C6H12O6 + 6O2
A)isomer
B)polymer
C)monomer
D)isotope
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