Focus On Life Science: California Grade 7

Chapter 7: The Age of Earth

Standards Review

1.
Which is NOT a group name given to rocks based on the way in which the rock formed? 4.a, 4.c
A)igneous
B)fossilized
C)metamorphic
D)sedimentary
2.
Which type of rock is formed from tiny particles that have been eroded from various kinds of rock? 4.c
A)metamorphic
B)igneous
C)sedimentary
D)fossilized
3.
Which is NOT a step in the formation of sedimentary rock? 4.c
A)lithification
B)weathering
C)deposition
D)crystallization
4.
What are the individual particles that make up sedimentary rocks? 4.c
A)rocks
B)grains
C)clasts
D)strata
5.
Which is the most important of Steno's principles of rock's history? 4.c
A)cross cutting relationships
B)superposition
C)original horizontality
D)original lateral continuity
6.
Which of Steno's principles states that in undisturbed sedimentary rock, the layers at the bottom were deposited before the layers on the top? 4.c
A)original lateral continuity
B)cross cutting relationships
C)original horizontality
D)superposition
7.
What is an isotope? 4.d
A)the oldest layer of rock in a series of sedimentary strata
B)a radioactive nucleus
C)the sample of a rock used to determine its age
D)atoms of an element that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons
8.
What is half-life? 4.d
A)the calculated length of time that it takes for half of a specific amount of a parent isotope to decay into the daughter isotope
B)the length of time it takes half of the protons in a atom of an element to change into neutrons
C)the average life span of an extinct species of plant or animal
D)the time it takes half of a species to evolve into a new organism
9.
The procedure that scientists use to calculate absolute ages of rocks and minerals is called _____________. 4.d
A)carbon-14 dating
B)radiometric dating
C)cross dating
D)radioactive decay
10.
_________ rocks are the most common used for radiometric dating. 4.d
A)Metamorphic
B)Sedimentary
C)Igneous
D)Fossilized
11.
Why do geologists rarely use sedimentary rocks for radiometric dating? 4.c, 4.d
A)The process of radiometric dating only works on rocks that have been exposed to high temperature and pressure.
B)Sedimentary rocks are very rare and difficult for geologists to find.
C)Sedimentary rocks are too old to date using radiometric dating.
D)The dates from these rocks indicate when the minerals in the rocks formed, not when the sedimentary rock itself formed.
12.
Which best describes the relationship between the ages of the Earth and the Moon? 4.a, 4.c, 4.d
A)They are about the same age.
B)The Earth is much older than the Moon.
C)The Moon is much older than the Earth.
D)The Earth is much younger than the Moon.
13.
How does weathering contribute to the formation of sedimentary rock? 4.c
A)Weathering contributes to the heating and high pressure necessary to form sedimentary rocks.
B)Weathering breaks down larger rocks into smaller pieces that then become part of sedimentary rocks.
C)Weathering provides the chemicals necessary to change elements into the radioactive isotopes used in radiometric dating.
D)Weathering helps solidify magma into the crystals that make up sedimentary rocks.
14.
Which of the steps in the formation of sedimentary rocks occurs when sediments move downhill to lower areas by running water, wind, or glacial movement? 4.c
A)lithification
B)deposition
C)weathering
D)transportation
15.
Scientists believe that the Earth is about _____ billion years old. 4.d
A)7.3
B)2.2
C)3.5
D)4.6
Grade 7
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