Glencoe Biology

Chapter 7: Cellular Structure and Function

Standardized Test Practice-English

1
A ____ is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things.
A)eukaryotic cell
B)plasma membrane
C)nucleus
D)cell
2
Which cellular structure helps control what enters and leaves the cell?
A)cytoplasm
B)cytoskeleton
C)plasma membrane
D)nucleus
3
Which of the following is not one of the fundamental ideas of cell theory?
A)All cells contain specialized internal structures.
B)Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms.
C)All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
D)Cells arise only from previously existing cells.
4
Materials can cross the plasma membrane through tunnels created by ____.
A)organelles
B)transport proteins
C)water molecules
D)glucose molecules
5
This picture shows a phospholipid bilayer. What crucial function do the nonpolar tails of the phospholipids have?

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A)speed chemical reactions with enzymes
B)keep water-soluble substances from passing easily into the cell
C)allow water-soluble substances to pass easily into the cell
D)help encode genetic material
6
Why is the phospholipid bilayer critical to cell function?
A)It forms a shell around the cell nucleus.
B)Phospholipids allows water-soluble substances to pass easily into cell.
C)Transport proteins are blocked from entering plasma membrane.
D)Arrangement of phospholipids enables selective permeability.
7
The ___ is a network of fibers that form a framework and anchor organelles.
A)endoplasmic reticulum
B)cytoplasm
C)cytoskeleton
D)golgi apparatus
8
Observe the structure of this mitochondrion. Why is its inner membrane crucial for cell functioning?

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A)provides a large surface area
B)keeps sunlight from damaging cell
C)provides inflexible barrier on cell surface
D)promotes photosynthesis
9
The large compartment shown in the detailed image of this plant cell is a ___.

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A)nucleus
B)vacuole
C)ribosome
D)plasma membrane
10
What is the function of the small, disk-shaped thylakoids in this plant cell?

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A)digest enzymes
B)assist cell movement
C)store food and enzymes
D)contain chlorophyll for trapping sunlight
11
The picture shows the movement of ink molecules in water. Which of the following processes has occurred?

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A)endocytosis
B)osmosis
C)diffusion
D)exocytosis
12
This shows a sugar solution with a selectively permeable membrane. What has occurred?

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A)water diffused toward higher sugar concentration
B)sugar molecules crossed the membrane
C)water diffused toward lower sugar concentration
D)water did not cross the membrane
13
How could you prevent cells from bursting in an extremely hypotonic solution?
A)Allow water to increase osmotic pressure.
B)Decrease the concentration of solute outside cell.
C)Increase the concentration of solute outside the cell.
D)Wait for diffusion to reach equilibrium.
14
How do carrier proteins facilitate active transport?
A)block the plasma membrane
B)move substances against a concentration gradient
C)prevent homeostasis
D)create an isotonic solution
15
What is a significant difference of endocytosis and exocytosis?
A)Exocytosis does not require energy input.
B)Endocytosis does not involve waste secretion.
C)Endocytosis does not require energy input.
D)Exocytosis does not maintain homeostasis.
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