Earth Science: Geology, the Environment, and the Universe

Section 3: Volcanoes

Volcanoes

1
The table shows how many eruptions were experienced by volcanoes in the past 100,000 years. Which volcano is the least likely to experience a huge eruption in present day?
FeatureStateLate PleistoceneHolocene
HugeHugeLargeMediumSmall
Mount BakerWA   13
Glacier PeakWA  2 7
Mount Rainier WA1  110
Mount St. Helens WA   7 
Mount Adams WA    4
Mount Hood OR    3
Mount Jefferson OR1    
Three Sisters OR  2 2
Newberry Caldera OR  13 
Crater Lake OR 12  
Medicine Lake CA   88
Mount Shasta CA1 2 10
Lassen Peak CA4 1 2
Total 71102049

Note: Huge eruptions => 10Km3 of ejecta; Large=1-10 ; Medium -0.1-1Km3; Small= < 0.1Km3 .
The periods of eruption are Late Pleistocene (10, 000- 100,000 years ago) or Holocene(< 10,000 years ago).


A)Lassen Peak
B)Mount Hood
C)Mount Rainier
D)Mount Shasta
2
What two things does the appearance of a volcano depend on?
A)type of material and eruption
B)type of eruption and temperature of the lava
C)type of material and viscosity
D)type of eruption and latitude
3
Volcanoes that form far from plate boundaries form as the result of __________.
A)volcanic bombs
B)hot spots
C)divergent plate boundaries
D)cinder cones
4
What is a pyroclastic flow?
A)a mixture of volcanic gas, ash, and other tephra
B)when lava comes out of a volcanic vent
C)lava that hardens into a batholith
D)poisonous gas of a volcano
5
Rock fragments thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption are called __________.
A)tephra
B)extrusive
C)granite
D)lava
6
Where do most volcanoes form?
A)in the southern hemisphere
B)at plate boundaries
C)far from plate boundaries
D)along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
7
What is the name of a large volcanic crater over 1 km in diameter?
A)a vent
B)a batholith
C)a stock
D)a caldera
8
What are large, angular fragments thrown from a volcano called?
A)ash
B)volcanic bombs
C)volcanic blocks
D)lapilli
9
What is the water content in the magma that fuels the volcano shown in the figure?
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A)average water
B)less water
C)more water
D)water completely absent
10
How is a volcanic crater connected to a magma chamber?
A)by a vent
B)by tephra
C)by a hot spot
D)by a sill
11
What type of volcano forms from alternating layers of tephra and nonexplosive lava?
A)composite volcano
B)cinder cone
C)caldera
D)shield volcano
12
How was the volcano cone shown in the figure formed?
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A)a mixture of lava and volcanic fragments
B)uplifting of mountains before exploding into a volcano
C)material is ejected into the air and falls back to earth
D)layer upon layer of basaltic lava accumulating during nonexplosive eruptions
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