Indiana Science Grade 8

Chapter 21: Our Impact on Water and Air

Our Impact on Water and Air

1.
Is ozone that is near Earth's surface beneficial or harmful?
A)Beneficial; it protects Earth from the Sun's harmful rays.
B)Beneficial; it cleans the air.
C)Harmful; it is a major component of smog, and can damage sensitive tissues.
D)Harmful; it doesn't let enough sunlight through.
2.
What does the Air Quality Index measure?
A)carbon dioxide levels
B)oxygen levels
C)ozone levels
D)smog levels
3.
The Montreal Protocol set forth plans for countries __________.
A)to switch over to mass transit
B)to phase out chlorofluorocarbons by 2000
C)to share the cost of cleaning oceans
D)to decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
4.
All of the following are sources of air pollution except __________.
A)car pooling
B)riding your bike
C)generating electricity from fossil fuels
D)plowing fields
5.
How do sewage-treatment plants treat sewage?
A)They lower nitrogen and phosphorous levels.
B)all answers are correct
C)They remove solid material.
D)They kill harmful bacteria.
6.
What was the main cause of the joint U.S.-Canadian effort to reduce water pollution?
A)demonstrations
B)political pressure
C)the pollution of Lake Erie
D)the thinning of the ozone layer
7.
How is photochemical smog formed?
A)with humidity
B)with electricity
C)with rain
D)with sunlight
8.
After metals are released into water bodies, they __________.
A)disappear immediately
B)remain in the environment for a long time
C)evaporate within a year
D)are washed out naturally
9.
What is the difference between pesticides and fertilizers?
A)Pesticides benefit by nourishing the plant, but fertilizers harm them with chemicals.
B)There is no difference.
C)Fertilizers benefit by nourishing the plant, but pesticides harm them with chemicals.
D)Both benefit plants by nourishing and protecting them.
10.
What topographical reason contributes to Los Angeles's smog problem?
A)The mountains to the east prevent smog from being carried away by prevailing winds.
B)the strong winds coming off the water
C)the nearby ocean
D)The city's position on the globe receives more direct sunlight.
11.
What act did the United States Congress pass in 1972 to provide funds for sewage treatment?
A)Clean Act
B)Water Pollution Control Act
C)The Montreal Protocol
D)Safe Drinking Act
12.
Point-source pollution enters water __________.
A)from a specific location
B)from unknown sources
C)from many different sites
D)slowly through seeping soil along pipelines
13.
What does it mean to conserve water?
A)to not use any
B)to use the same amount
C)to use less
D)to use more
14.
How does carbon monoxide poison a body?
A)It breaks down the tissue.
B)It replaces oxygen in the blood.
C)It chokes the blood vessels.
D)It kills red blood cells.
15.
What is the largest source of water pollution in the United States?
A)smoke from factories
B)sediment
C)burning fields
D)car exhaust
16.
If something measures 7 on the pH scale, it is __________.
A)debatable
B)basic
C)acidic
D)neutral
17.
Smog is usually found in _____ areas.
A)desolate
B)sparsely populated
C)urban
D)tropical
18.
How can algae affect a lake?
A)When algae die and decompose, they can use up all the oxygen in the lake.
B)all answers are correct
C)They can overtake a lake due to high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus.
D)They can cause fish to die.
19.
What can a citizen do to help reduce water pollution?
A)pour hazardous chemicals down the drain
B)throw the containers in the trash
C)find out where hazardous chemicals should be disposed of
D)pour hazardous chemicals on the ground
20.
What does a scrubber do?
A)It lets gases in smoke dissolve in water to remove sulfur.
B)It lets gases in smoke evaporate to remove carbon dioxide.
C)It's the machine that power plants use to scrub the tanks.
D)A scrubber is the employee who checks the emission from factories.
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