Indiana Science Grade 8

Chapter 17: Adaptations over Time

Adaptations over Time

1.
The human appendix is an example of __________.
A)gradualism
B)a vestigial structure
C)an adaptation
D)punctuated equilibrium
2.
Which branch of science studies fossils?
A)physics
B)astronomy
C)paleontology
D)geology
3.
The fossil remains of a __________ were discovered and named Lucy.
A)Neanderthal
B)prosimian
C)homonid
D)Cro-Magnon human
4.
Who is responsible for the theory of acquired characteristics?
A)Leakey
B)Watson
C)Marconi
D)Lamarck
5.
Which of these is a prosimian?
A)a lemur
B)a panda
C)an orangutan
D)an iguana
6.
What group has opposable thumbs and binocular vision?
A)all primates
B)humans only
C)monkeys only
D)homonids
7.
What may a series of helpful variations in a species result in?
A)fossils
B)adaptation
C)embryology
D)climatic change
8.
A variation that helps an organism be better suited for its environment is a(n) __________.
A)element
B)hypothesis
C)adaptation
D)species
9.
The model of evolution as a slow process is __________.
A)adaptation
B)chemosynthesis
C)metamorphosis
D)gradualism
10.
Change in inherited characteristics over time is called __________.
A)camouflage
B)fossils
C)evolution
D)species
11.
Vestigial structures provide evidence of __________.
A)evolution
B)populations
C)gradualism
D)photosynthesis
12.
Which scientist would study pesticide-resistant species of insects?
A)a geologist
B)a volcanologist
C)an entomologist
D)an astrophysicist
13.
The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution states that evolution __________.
A)occurs over millions of years
B)occurs only in plant species
C)occurs rapidly
D)never produces new species
14.
Which type of fossil leaves its pattern on sediment that later turns into hard rock?
A)amber fossil
B)cast fossil
C)imprint fossil
D)frozen fossil
15.
Which group do humans, apes, and monkeys belong to?
A)canines
B)invertebrates
C)rodents
D)primates
16.
Which early human group is considered to be responsible for ancient cave drawings discovered in France?
A)Homo sapiens<
B)Homo habilis
C)Cro-Magnon humans
D)homonids
17.
A __________ is made up of all the individuals of a type of plant or animal that live in the same area.
A)homonid
B)fossil
C)bacteria
D)population
18.
Scientists compare DNA from living organisms to identify __________.
A)natural selection
B)similarities between species
C)geographic isolation
D)a fossil's location
19.
Relative dating allows scientists to find the age of a fossil by __________.
A)unfreezing part of the fossil
B)dating the resin around the sample
C)using radioactive elements in the fossil
D)comparing ages of the surrounding rock layers
20.
A bacteria species that were once killed by penicillin are now resistant to it. What model explains this?
A)relative dating
B)gradualism
C)punctuated equilibrium
D)camouflage
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