1 At least 97% of all species of animals are invertebrates.A) True B) False 2 Sponges do not have which feature?A) Specialized cells B) Gametes C) Supporting structures D) Internal organs 3 Feeding currents in sponges are produced by flagellated cells called choanocytes .A) True B) False 4 Water enters a sponge through which of these parts?A) Osculum B) Ostium C) Coelom D) Pinacocytes 5 Radial symmetry, such as seen in Cnidaria, occurs when similar parts of a body are arranged and repeated around a central axis.A) True B) False 6 Which of these occurs in all animals with radial symmetry?A) There is no head. B) The body plan is in five parts. C) There is no oral surface. D) There is an anterior end. 7 Mature marine hydrozoan Cnidaria are mainly colonies of polyps that produce medusae.A) True B) False 8 The central gelatinous bell of a medusa is composed of which of these?A) Cnidocytes B) Mesoglea C) Spicules D) Gastrodermis 9 The larger jellyfish that are common in all oceans belong to which of these groups.A) Siphonophores B) Hydrozoans C) Anthrozoans D) Scyphozoans 10 Which of these groups has no medusa stage?A) Anthozoa. B) Hydrozoa. C) Scyphozoa. D) Cubozoa. 11 Ctenophores method of locomotion utilizes which of these structures?A) Movement of the septa B) Undulation of the medusa C) Ciliary combs D) Flagellated appendages 12 A bilaterally symmetric animal has ____________ number of identical sides.A) One B) Two C) Three D) Five 13 Marine worms may utilize which of these for support and locomotion?A) An calcium-carbonate skeleton B) A protein skeleton C) A hydrostatic skeleton D) An endoskeleton 14 Platyhelminths have a centralized brain, while cnidarians do not.A) True B) False 15 Unlike other flatworms, tapeworms have which feature?A) A long proboscis B) No digestive tract (mouth & gut) C) Bright colors D) A gut with septa 16 Nemertean worms entangle prey with a structure called a ________ which is everted from a cavity above the mouth.A) Notochord B) Hydrostatic skeleton C) Proboscis D) A mesoderm 17 Marine nematode worms are hardly ever seen because they are relatively few in number.A) True B) False 18 Annelid worms have a true coelom for a body cavity, but nematode, nemertean, and platyhelminth worms do not.A) True B) False 19 Polychaete worms belong to which of these groups?A) Platyhelminthes B) Annelida C) Nematoda D) Nemertea 20 Segments of polychaete worms usually have fleshy extensions called parapodia that often have stiff bristles called setae.A) True B) False 21 Which of these groups is the most highly evolved or highly developed?A) Platyhelminthes B) Annelida C) Nematoda D) Nemertea 22 Molluscs and annelids produce similar planktonic larvae called trochophores .A) True B) False 23 Molluscs have a ribbon-like structure that carries rows of small teeth called a ___________.A) Mesoderm B) Ventral surface C) Proboscis D) Radula 24 Among mollusks, the _____________ is the tissue layer that secretes the shell.A) Mesoderm B) Mantle C) Radula D) Coelom 25 All molluscs have an external shell made of calcium carbonate.A) True B) False 26 Due to their use of their radulas gastropods may be:A) Autotrophs B) Herbivores C) Carnivores D) Either herbivores or carnivores 27 In a bivalve, the gills serve inA) Gas exchange only. B) Gas exchange and as a feeding mechanism. C) Gas exchange and shell production. D) Gas exchange and production of noxious chemicals. 28 Which feature of cephalopods is also found in other mollusks?A) Foot modified into arms and suckers B) Complex nervous system C) Closed circulatory system D) Mantle 29 Cephalopods use a structure called a funnel to squirt out water from their mantle cavities in order to create a kind of jet propulsion.A) True B) False 30 Cephalopods are considered to have the most complex and developed __________ outside of the vertebrates.A) Circulatory system B) Digestive system C) Gill D) Brain 31 A closed circulatory system always has which of these features?A) Blood within distinct vessels B) A heart with 4-chambers C) Open blood spaces D) The ability to take up nutrients from seawater 32 Which of these best describes the carapace?A) It covers the cephalothorax. B) Is segmented. C) Has two lateral valves. D) Is present in all Crustacea. 33 In order for arthropods to grow they must discard or ______ their chitinous exoskeletons.A) Molt B) Use their abductor muscles C) Secrete byssal threads D) Use their setae 34 Crustaceans generally reproduce by:A) External fertilization. B) Use of a modified arm to transfer a packet of sperm. C) Direct sperm transfer. D) Releasing gametes into the water. 35 Copepod crustaceans typically use their antennae to swim as plankton.A) True B) False 36 Which of these is the most common and widespread marine animals?A) Insects. B) Copepods. C) Loriciferans. D) Brachiopods 37 Barnacles use their legs to filter food particles out of the water.A) True B) False 38 Which of these is an important food source in polar ecosystems?A) Hermit crabs. B) Barnacles. C) Krill. D) Fish lice. 39 Decapods have which of the following?A) Only one pair of antennae. B) Specialized feathery filtering appendages. C) A large proboscis. D) Three pair of maxillipeds. 40 Hermit crabs have a long, soft abdomen, while true crabs have a small abdomen tucked under the cephalothorax.A) True B) False 41 Colonial zooids with a lophophore belong to the group:A) Phoronida. B) Anthozoa. C) Bryozoa. D) Brachiopoda. 42 Echinoderms are characterized by:A) Usually having a heptaradial symmetry. B) Having an exoskeleton similar to that of the Arthropoda. C) Often moving by use of hundreds of fluid-powered tube feet. D) All of the above. E) Both b and c . 43 In starfish, an external part of the water-vascular system which is called:A) The ring canal. B) Aristotle's lantern. C) An ampulla. D) A tube foot. 44 Echinoderms, hemichordates and chordates (which include humans) are all thought to be closely related because of common features in early embryonic development.A) True B) False 45 Hemichordates and echinoderms may both have:A) A notochord. B) A dorsal nerve cord. C) Similar larval stages. D) A backbone. 46 Sea cucumbers (holothuroidea Echinodermata) can use a tactic called ____________ as an escape mechanism.A) Molting B) Evisceration C) Migration D) Undulation of the medusa 47 In which of these groups is the mouth is directed upward?A) Asteroidea. B) Crinoidea. C) Holothuroidea. D) Ophiuroidea. 48 Like vertebrates echinoderms have ____________A) A radula B) An exoskeleton C) An endoskeleton D) A hydroskeleton 49 A lancelet, like other chordates, has which feature?A) A pair of large eyes B) A water-vascular system C) A large proboscis D) A dorsal nerve cord 50 Which of these is identical to a vertebrate except for a backbone?A) A tunicate B) A crinoid C) A lancet D) A sand dollar