Marine Biology (Castro), 9th Edition

Chapter 5: The Microbial World

Chapter Quiz

1
Primary producers in the oceans are all microscopic photosynthesizers including bacteria, plants, and algae.
A)True
B)False
2
Viruses do not have
A)Any genetic material at all.
B)A nucleus.
C)RNA.
D)A protein coat.
3
Bacteriophages are:
A)Chemosynthetic bacteria found in hydrothermal vents.
B)Essential nutrients are taken up by the viruses.
C)Lysogenic viruses that reproduce by targeting bacteria.
D)A type of photosynthetic cyanobacteria.
4
Prokaryotic cells have:
A)A cell wall.
B)A nucleus.
C)spiral-shaped DNA molecules.
D)No pigment.
5
Bacteria are particularly important in ecosystems because
A)They can tolerate harsh environmental conditions.
B)Some form crusts.
C)Many are decomposers/saprophytes and recycle essential nutrients.
D)They accumulate oxygen in the atmosphere.
6
Anaerobic bacteria generally
A)Require oxygen for growth.
B)Cannot tolerate sulfate.
C)Are heterotrophs.
D)Carry on photosynthesis and not chemosynthesis.
7
After eons of evolution on Earth today one might find the Archaea in which of the following habitats?
A)Shallow coastal water
B)Lagoons
C)Hydrothermal vents
D)In tissues of other organisms
8
Today cyanobacteria form a relatively minor component of the ocean's primary producers.
A)True
B)False
9
The calcareous mounds formed by colonies of cyanobacteria that still survive in the shallows of the tropical ocean areas are called:.
A)Black smokers
B)Siliceous ooze
C)Stromatolites
D)Phytoplankton
10
Sulfide-bacteria that carry on sulfur oxidation can usually be in found which location?
A)Only where there is light
B)In mud flats
C)In clean open-ocean water
D)In cold seas
11
Like most plants, unicellular algae generally have which of these features?
A)Stems
B)Ability to swim
C)Chlorophyll
D)Complex nonreproductive cells involved in nutrient transport
12
Diatoms have a protective covering made out of which of the following materials?
A)Chitin
B)Cellulose
C)Calcium-carbonate
D)Silica
13
Diatomaceous earth is used industrially as a
A)Poison.
B)Medical compound.
C)Filtering medium.
D)Component of paint.
14
Asexual reproduction in diatoms usually results in
A)Haploid gametes.
B)Fertilized eggs.
C)Auxo-spores.
D)Infertile offspring.
15
Dinoflagellates move using two flagella, one wrapped around a central groove, and one trailing free.
A)True
B)False
16
Which of the following organisms are often responsible for toxic red tides and for the diffuse bioluminescence of the open sea?
A)Dinoflagellates
B)Diatoms
C)Cyanobacteria
D)Foraminiferans
17
Some dinoflagellates become zooxanthellae that inhabit the tissues of which of these animals, forming generally beneficial partnerships?
A)Sponges
B)Jellyfish
C)Echinoderms
D)Corals
18
Foraminifera are single cells that form chambered calcareous shells.
A)True
B)False
19
Foraminiferans and radiolarians feed by
A)Using cilia to capture particles like Paramecium.
B)Using flagella to grab prey like Euglena.
C)Using a network of pseudopodia to trap food like Amoeba.
D)Stabbing their prey on spines like Cnidarians.
20
Lichens are a type of fungus and a ____________ thus they are considered autotrophic.
A)Zooplankton
B)Algae
C)Cnidarian
D)Amoeba
21
Marine fungi may be common in which of these habitats?
A)Hydrothermal vents
B)Mangrove swamps
C)Abyssal plains
D)near the surface of the open sea
22
Useful features for distinguishing between protistans include all of the following except?
A)Flagella
B)Covering of the organism
C)Kind of locomotory structures--cilia or pseudopodia
D)Structure of the nucleus
23
Besides being saprophytes bacteria are ecologically important because they also?
A)Can be epiphytes.
B)Dominate life on intertidal rocks.
C)Can cause skin rashes to fish and human swimmers.
D)Can carry on nitrogen fixation.
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