23. Three Aging Empires

1. The Holy Roman Empire after 1648
• [Map Growth of the Habsburg Dominions]

2. The Republic of Poland about 1650

3. The Ottoman Empire about 1650
• [Image Janissaries]
• [Image Grand Vizier ]
• [Map Map of Ottoman Empire]

24. The Formation of an Austrian Monarchy

1. The Recovery and Growth of Habsburg Power, 1648-1740
• [Image Vienna]

2. The Austrian Monarchy by 1740

25. The Formation of Prussia

1. Sweden's Short-Lived Empire
• [Image Queen Christina]

2. The Territorial Growth of Brandenburg-Prussia
• [Image Berlin in 1685]
• [Map Maps of Brandenburg]
• [Primary Source Frederick William I]

3. The Prussian Military State
• [Primary Source Frederick II, the Great, Memoirs]
• [Primary Source Frederick II: Essay on the Forms of Government]
• [Image Schloß Sanssouci]

26. The Transformation of Russia

• [Virtual Tour] Moscow Kremlin]
• [Primary Source The Sudebnik of Ivan III]

1. Russia before Peter the Great
• [Primary Source Tatars]
• [Image 17th century Duma]
• [Image Icon of Old Believers]

2. Peter the Great: Foreign Affairs and Territorial Expansion
• [Primary Source Streltsi Rebellion]

3. Internal Changes under Peter the Great
• [Primary Source Jean Rousset de Missy, Life of Peter the Great]

4. The Results of Peter's Revolution