104. The Cold War: The Opening Decade, 1945-1955

• [Map Europe in 1949 ]
• [Image Atomic bomb explosion]
• [Image Fallout shelter]
• [Primary Source Charter of the United Nations, 1945]
• [Map UN Security Council]
• [Image United Nations Headquarters, New York]
• [Primary Source Universal Declaration of Human Rights]

1. The Cold War: Origins and Nature
• [Image German refugees moving west, 1945]
• [Image Germany Divided]
• [Image Headquarters of the American military administration in Germany, 1945]
• [Primary Source Proposal for International Control of Atomic Weapons, 1946]
• [Image First Soviet atomic bomb test, 1949]
• [Primary Source Winston Churchill, Iron Curtain speech, 1946]
• [Primary Source Stalin's reply to Iron Curtain speech]
• [Primary Source Truman Doctrine, 1947]
• [Image Seoul, South Korea, 1950]

2. Germany: The Berlin Blockade and the Airlift of 1948-1949
• [Image Russian occupied East Berlin, 1945]
• [Image Soviets stripped plants of machinery]
• [Image Establishment of German Democratic Republic]
• [Image Exchanging Reichsmarks for Deutsche Marks, 1948]
• [Image Soviet roadblock]
• [Imagens Berlin air lift]

3. The Atlantic Alliance
• [Primary Source North Atlantic Treaty, 1949]
• [Primary Source Warsaw Pact of 1955]
• [Primary Source Marshal Tito defied Cominform, 1948]

4. The Revival of Japan

5. Containment in Asia: The Korean War
• [Map Korean War]
• [Primary Source Report of United Nations Commission on Korea, 1950]
• [Primary Source Andrei Gromyko, On American Intervention in Korea, 1950]
• [Image American combat troops in Korea]
• [Image Air strikes above the thirty-eighth parallel]
• [Image Amphibious landing at Inchon]
• [Image French Communist poster protesting European Defense Community]
• [Image Federal Republic of Germany joins NATO]
• [Image Testing the Hydrogen Bomb]

105. Western Europe: Economic Reconstruction

1. The Marshall Plan and European Recovery
• [Primary Source Mike Mansfield, Memorandum on Economic Conditions in Europe, 1947]
• [Image George Marshall]
• [Primary Source Marshall Plan]
• [Image Conference for European Economic Cooperation, 1947]

2. Economic Growth in Western Europe
• [Imagens Wirtschaftswunder: West German department store, 1950s]
• [Image Social services: Disability Insurance]
• [Image The universal welfare state: German poster, 1954]

106. Western Europe: Political Reconstruction

1. Great Britain: Labour and Conservative
• [Image Clement Attlee]
• [Primary Source The 1945 Labour Party Manifesto]
• [Primary Source Nationalising the Iron and Steel Industry, 1948]
• [Primary Source Beveridge Report, 1942]
• [Image Barricades in Paris, May 1968]

2. The French Republic: Fourth and Fifth
• [Image Charles de Gaulle]
• [Primary Source Geneva Conference, Final Declaration on Restoring Peace in Indochina, 1954]
• [Primary Source The "Loi-Cadre," 1956]
• [Image Charles de Gaulle, 1958]
• [Primary Source Charles de Gaulle, Speech at Constantine, Algeria, 1958]
• The Federal Republic of Germany
• [Image Nuremberg trials]
• [Primary Source Transcript of the Nuremberg Trials]
• [Image Denazification program poster, 1948]
• [Image Prosperity for all via the social free-market economy, West German poster, 1957]
• [Image Parliament Building, Bonn]
• [Primary Source The Federal Republic of Germany Basic Law, 1949
• [Image Konrad Adenauer signs Basic Law, 1949]
• [Image Bundestag, 1953]
• [Image Brandt's Ostpolitik]
• [Image Helmut Schmidt]
• [Image Helmut Kohl]

3. The Italian Republic

107. Europe and the Global Economy

• [Primary Source Bretton Woods Agreement, 1944]
• [Primary Source President Roosevelt on Bretton Woods Proposals, 1945]

1. Currency Stability: Toward the "Gold-Dollar" Standard

2. European Integration: From the Common Market to the European Community
• [Image European Coal and Steel Community]
• [Primary Source Treaty of Rome]
• [Image Signing the Treaty of Rome]

3. End of the Gold-Dollar Standard, 1971

108. Communist Societies in the U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe

1. Stalinism in the Postwar Years
• [Image Poster, For Construction Sites of Communism, 1952]
• [Primary Source Alexander Solzhenitsyn, What I Learned in the Gulag]

2. Khrushchev: The Abortive Effort at Reform
• [Image Lavrenti Beria]
• [Primary Source Nikita Krushchev, Secret speech to the twentieth party congress, 1956]
• [Image Boris Pasternak]
• [Image Soviet hydrogen bomb test, 1955]
• [Image Sputnik, 1958]
• [Primary Source Khrushchev and Eisenhower, Summit Statements, 1960]
• [Primary Source Cuban Missile Crisis]
• [Map Cuba during missile crisis]

3. Eastern Europe: The Decades of Dictatorship

4. Consolidation of Communist Control
• [Image Poster promoting land redistribution in East Germany, 1945]
• [Image Poster, GDR nationalized economy, 1953]
• [Image Poster, GDR collectivized agriculture]
• [Image Heavy industry--Basis of independence and prosperity, East German poster, 1952]

5. Ferment and Repression in East Germany, Poland, and Hungary, 1953-1956
• [Image Anti-government demonstration in East Berlin, June 1953]
• [Primary Source Why Must We Increase our Alertness? An East German Interpretation of the Riots of 1953]
• [Primary Source Sixteen Political, Economic, and Ideological Points, Budapest, 1956]
• [Primary Source Clear Current and Scum, 1956]
• [Primary Sourcens Hungary, 1956]