[Primary Source Idea of progress]

72. The Advance of Democracy: Socialism, Labor Unions, and Feminism

• [Image Voting by secret ballot]

1. The Trade Union Movement and Rise of British Labor
• [Secondary British Labour Party]

2. European Socialism after 1850
• [Primary Source Capital]
• [Image First International]
• [Image Notice of meeting, First International]
• [Primary Source Prince Peter Kropotkin, Anarchism: Its Philosophy and Ideal, 1896]
• [Primary Source Gotha Program]
• [Primary Source German Social Democratic Party Erfurt Program, 1891]
• [Primary Source French Socialist Party Program, 1905]
• [Image H. M. Hyndman]
• [Image Social Democratic Federation]

3. Revisionist and Revolutionary Socialism, 1880-1914
• [Primary Source George Bernard Shaw, An Unsocial Socialist, 1883]
• [Image H. G. Wells]
• [Primary Source Sidney Webb, The Historic Basis of Socialism, 1889]
• [Primary Source Eduard Bernstein, Evolutionary Socialism]
• [Image Well-off worker ]
• [Image Karl Kautsky]
• [Primary Source V.I. Lenin, Marxism and Revisionism, 1908]

4. Feminism, 1880-1914
• [Image "A Suffragette’s Home, ]
• [Primary Source Emmeline Pankhurst, Militant Suffragist, 1913]
• [Image Suffragette disturbances]
• [Image Forcible feedings]

73. Science, Philosophy, the Arts, and Religion

• [Primary Source Patents/Bell phone]

1. The Impact of Evolution
• [Image T.H. Huxley]

2. Genetics, Anthropology, and Psychology
• [Primary Source Sir James Frazer, The Golden Bough]
• [Image Ivan Pavlov]

3. The New Physics
• [Image Albert Einstein, c. 1900]
• [Primary Source Albert Einstein, Relativity: The Special and General Theory]
• [Image Lord Rutherford]
• [Image Max Planck]
• [Image Niels Bohr]
• [Primary Source Einstein explains e=mc2]
• [Image Werner Heisenberg]
• [Primary Source Werner Heisenberg, Principle of uncertainty]

4. Trends in Philosophy and the Arts
• [Image Ernst Haeckel]
• [Image Frederick Nietzsche]
• [Primary Source Friedrich Nietzsche, Thus Spake Zarathustra, 1891]

5. The arts: relativism, irrationalism, social determinism, unconscious
• [Image Gaugin, Tahitian Women, 1891]
• [Image Claude Monet, Gare St Lazare ]
• [Primary Source Atonal music: The Rite of Spring]

6. The Churches and the Modern Age
• [Primary Source Ernest Renan, The Life of Jesus]
• [Primary Source Samuel Wilberforce, On Darwin's Origin of Species, 1860]
• [Primary Source Pius IX, Syllabus of Errors]
• [Image Pogrom in Russia]
• [Primary Source Theodor Herz, On the Jewish State, l896]
• [Primary Source Zionism]

74. The Waning of Classical Liberalism

1. The Decline of Nineteenth-Century Liberalism: Economic Trends
• [Primary Source Friedrich List, National System of Political Economy]

2. Intellectual and Other Currents
• [Image Joseph Chamberlain]