Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology (Shier), 13th Edition

Chapter 23: Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Learning Outcomes

23.1 Introduction
         1  Distinguish between growth and development.
         2  Distinguish between prenatal and postnatal.
23.2 Pregnancy
         3  Describe fertilization.
23.3 Prenatal Period
         4  List and provide details of the major events of cleavage.
         5  Describe implantation.
         6  Discuss the hormonal and other changes in the maternal body during pregnancy.
         7  Explain how the primary germ layers originate, and list the structures each layer produces.
         8  Describe the major events of the embryonic stage of development.
         9  Describe the formation and function of the placenta.
       10  Define fetus, and describe the major events of the fetal stage of development.
       11  Trace the path of blood through the fetal cardiovascular system.
       12  Explain the role of hormones in the birth process and milk production.
23.4 Postnatal Period
       13  Name the postnatal stages of development of a human, and indicate the general characteristics of each stage.
       14  Describe the major cardiovascular and physiological adjustments in the newborn.
23.5 Aging
       15  Distinguish between passive and active aging.
       16  Contrast life span and life expectancy.

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