|
1 | | John F. Kennedy made an attractive presidential candidate in 1960 for all the following reasons EXCEPT his |
| | A) | family wealth and prestige. |
| | B) | past accomplishments as a handsome war hero. |
| | C) | personal eloquence, wit, and charisma. |
| | D) | promise to keep the nation on the course of the 1950s. |
| | E) | youth. |
|
|
|
2 | | President Kennedy found many of his legislative initiatives blocked by |
| | A) | the Supreme Court. |
| | B) | Republican majorities in Congress. |
| | C) | conservative Southern Democrats. |
| | D) | the Supreme Court and conservative Southern Democrats. |
| | E) | the Supreme Court and Republican majorities in Congress. |
|
|
|
3 | | In contrast to Kennedy, President Lyndon B. Johnson |
| | A) | rejected the concept of dynamic governmental activism. |
| | B) | possessed a shy and reticent personality. |
| | C) | displayed remarkable skill in influencing Congress. |
| | D) | sympathized with Southern conservatives on civil rights issues. |
| | E) | lacked charisma. |
|
|
|
4 | | Lyndon B. Johnson billed his domestic program as the |
| | A) | Great Society. |
| | B) | New Frontier. |
| | C) | Era of Equality. |
| | D) | Alliance for Progress. |
| | E) | Fair Deal. |
|
|
|
5 | | A significant reason that the Medicare proposal was able to overcome opposition and win congressional approval was because it |
| | A) | made benefits available to all elderly Americans, regardless of economic need. |
| | B) | strictly regulated the fee structure of doctors and hospitals. |
| | C) | established annual spending ceilings to be set by a panel of healthcare professionals and economists. |
| | D) | shifted responsibility for paying a large proportion of medical charges from the government to the patient. |
| | E) | it was labeled as "welfare." |
|
|
|
6 | | The "centerpiece" of Lyndon B. Johnson's "war on poverty" was the |
| | A) | Department of Family Services, with an emphasis on social work. |
| | B) | Children's Relief Fund, with an emphasis on preschooling. |
| | C) | Office of Economic Opportunity, with an emphasis on community action. |
| | D) | Agency for Economic Advancement, with an emphasis on job training. |
| | E) | Medicare program. |
|
|
|
7 | | Robert Weaver was significant as the |
| | A) | architect of the war on poverty. |
| | B) | leader of conservative opposition to the welfare state. |
| | C) | author of The Other America. |
| | D) | architect of Medicare. |
| | E) | the first African-American cabinet member. |
|
|
|
8 | | The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 |
| | A) | provided aid for public but not private or parochial schools. |
| | B) | led the movement toward federal control of schools. |
| | C) | based aid on the economic conditions of students rather than the needs of schools themselves. |
| | D) | led to a quadrupling of federal aid for education between 1964 and 1967. |
| | E) | provided aid for only parochial schools. |
|
|
|
9 | | Sit-ins designed to desegregate lunch counters in the South were primarily staged by |
| | A) | black religious leaders. |
| | B) | black students. |
| | C) | black women. |
| | D) | white activists. |
| | E) | white students. |
|
|
|
10 | | Civil rights activists traveled through the South on buses to protest segregation in seating on buses and in depots. These efforts were generally called |
| | A) | rolling sit-ins. |
| | B) | freedom rides. |
| | C) | Greyhound diplomacy. |
| | D) | marches on wheels. |
| | E) | freedom buses. |
|
|
|
11 | | The Alabama police commissioner whose violence against civil rights protesters horrified the nation was |
| | A) | George Wallace. |
| | B) | Bull Connor. |
| | C) | Medgar Evers. |
| | D) | James Meredith. |
| | E) | Robert Weaver. |
|
|
|
12 | | Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous "I have a dream" speech |
| | A) | while he was in jail in Birmingham, Alabama. |
| | B) | on the river bridge on the edge of downtown Selma, Alabama. |
| | C) | at the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. |
| | D) | in front of the Lincoln Memorial as part of a march on Washington. |
| | E) | during a march in downtown Atlanta, Georgia. |
|
|
|
13 | | Which of the following best characterizes the level of violence associated with the civil rights activities in the South from 1960 to 1965? |
| | A) | There was virtually no violence, thanks mainly to Martin Luther King, Jr.'s passive-resistance philosophy. |
| | B) | White law enforcement officials beat demonstrators or condoned beatings on numerous occasions and several activists were murdered. |
| | C) | More radical black power advocates captured the movement and assassinated several white officeholders. |
| | D) | Major riots broke out in the larger southern cities when blacks were turned away from the polls. |
| | E) | Black leaders supported attacking white law enforcement. |
|
|
|
14 | | Each of the following was part of the 1964 Civil Rights Act EXCEPT |
| | A) | prohibition of segregation in "public accommodations." |
| | B) | voting rights. |
| | C) | bans on employment discrimination. |
| | D) | an increase of the power of the federal government to file suits on behalf of school integration. |
| | E) | protection to African Americans. |
|
|
|
15 | | Malcolm X was a leading member of the |
| | A) | Black Panthers. |
| | B) | Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). |
| | C) | Nation of Islam (Black Muslims). |
| | D) | Pan African Congress (PAC). |
| | E) | Freedom Summer. |
|
|
|
16 | | In response to urban racial violence, in 1968 the Commission on Civil Disorders appointed by President Johnson recommended |
| | A) | massive spending on social problems in the ghettoes. |
| | B) | the elimination of state government involvement in welfare programs. |
| | C) | slowing the pace of racial change to allow the nation a "cooling-off" period. |
| | D) | a return to segregated housing patterns to lessen the emotional outbursts that sparked violence in mixed neighborhoods. |
| | E) | further racial segregation so violence could not be sparked. |
|
|
|
17 | | The first major race riot of the mid-1960s occurred in the Watts section of what major city? |
| | A) | New York |
| | B) | Los Angeles |
| | C) | Detroit |
| | D) | Atlanta |
| | E) | Washington, DC |
|
|
|
18 | | The most important and lasting impact of the black power movement was the |
| | A) | stress on the ideal of interracial cooperation rather than self-reliance. |
| | B) | unification of previously feuding black political groups. |
| | C) | instilling of racial pride and identity in black Americans. |
| | D) | reduced emphasis on the importance of African heritage and an emphasis on blacks' rightful place in American history. |
| | E) | gaining federal protection when African Americans voted. |
|
|
|
19 | | John Kennedy's "Alliance for Progress" was intended to provide |
| | A) | mutual reduction of missiles and warheads by the United States and the Soviet Union. |
| | B) | additional aid to the pro-American forces in South Vietnam. |
| | C) | young American volunteers to work in health and education facilities in developing nations. |
| | D) | better relations between the United States and the nations of Latin America. |
| | E) | increased spending for improvements in black ghettos. |
|
|
|
20 | | In the aftermath of the Cuban missile crisis, |
| | A) | Kennedy traveled to Moscow for his first meeting with the Soviet premier. |
| | B) | the Soviets ordered construction of the Berlin Wall to stop the exodus of East Germans. |
| | C) | a large CIA-trained army of anti-Castro Cubans unsuccessfully invaded the island. |
| | D) | both sides realized how close they had come to the brink; tensions eased somewhat, and a nuclear test ban treaty was signed. |
| | E) | Kennedy traveled to Vienna to begin meetings with Nikita Khrushchev. |
|
|
|
21 | | Ngho Dinh Diem was probably an unfortunate choice as the basis of American hopes for creation of a viable noncommunist regime in the southern part of Vietnam because he |
| | A) | surrounded himself with corrupt advisors. |
| | B) | failed to attract the support of the upper class in Saigon. |
| | C) | was too willing to appease the Viet Cong. |
| | D) | persecuted the nation's Roman Catholics. |
| | E) | resisted serious political or economic reforms. |
|
|
|
22 | | The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution |
| | A) | aroused strong opposition and a lengthy debate in Congress before being narrowly passed. |
| | B) | limited President Johnson to a one-time retaliatory bombing strike on the northern part of Vietnam. |
| | C) | was claimed by President Johnson as legal authorization for the military escalation of the U.S. role in the conflict. |
| | D) | marked the beginning of significant international support for the American response to communist aggression in Indochina. |
| | E) | was Kennedy's effort to spark international support against communist aggression. |
|
|
|
23 | | The American military forces in Vietnam seemed least capable of |
| | A) | winning a military victory in the major battles in which they became engaged. |
| | B) | removing the Viet Cong and their Vietnamese allies from the north from such strongholds as Khesahn. |
| | C) | sustaining a favorable "kill ratio." |
| | D) | pacifying a captured region by winning "the hearts and minds" of the Vietnamese people. |
| | E) | keeping up the status quo. |
|
|
|
24 | | In the 1968 presidential election, George Wallace enjoyed an unusually high degree of support for a third-party candidate because he argued that |
| | A) | the United States should immediately end its military involvement in Vietnam. |
| | B) | the movement toward racial equality should be accelerated through "affirmative action" programs. |
| | C) | programs to alleviate poverty should be fully funded by Congress and that defense spending should be cut sharply to get the money. |
| | D) | busing of school children for racial integration, expanding government regulations and social programs, and soft treatment of rioters and demonstrators were destroying America. |
| | E) | the United States should become further involvement in Vietnam and the stopping the spread of communism on a global scale. |
|
|