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1 | | Although Wilson had campaigned in 1912 on the principles of the New Freedom, in practice his first term went far toward enacting key principles of the |
| | A) | New Deal. |
| | B) | "Big Stick" America. |
| | C) | western conservationists. |
| | D) | Republican Old Guard. |
| | E) | New Nationalism. |
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2 | | Theodore Roosevelt's mediation was important at the Portsmouth Peace Conference of 1905, which |
| | A) | ended the Sino-Japanese War. |
| | B) | ended the Russo-Japanese War. |
| | C) | settled the Franco-German dispute over Morocco. |
| | D) | settled the Venezuela boundary dispute with Great Britain. |
| | E) | ended the Spanish-American War. |
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3 | | The aphorism "Speak softly and carry a big stick" was used by Roosevelt in reference to his |
| | A) | foreign policy. |
| | B) | policy toward labor unions. |
| | C) | technique when on safari in Africa. |
| | D) | political strategy toward the Democrats. |
| | E) | economic policy. |
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4 | | Roosevelt based his distinction between "civilized" and "uncivilized" countries on |
| | A) | race alone. |
| | B) | economic development alone. |
| | C) | both race and economic development. |
| | D) | both race and military development. |
| | E) | both military and economic development. |
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5 | | The main purpose of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine was to |
| | A) | renounce the use of military force in Latin America. |
| | B) | provide legal grounds for the extension of America's colonial empire in Latin America. |
| | C) | justify U.S. military intervention in Latin America if necessary to forestall interference by European nations. |
| | D) | provide a timetable for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from the Caribbean islands. |
| | E) | justify U.S. intervention in the Russo-Japanese War. |
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6 | | When Panamanian rebels started a revolt against the government of Colombia in 1903, the United States |
| | A) | remained strictly neutral. |
| | B) | intervened on the side of Colombia. |
| | C) | contributed monetary support to both sides. |
| | D) | called for a meeting of the Pan-American Union. |
| | E) | intervened on the side of the rebels. |
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7 | | William Howard Taft's policy of encouraging private American investments in underdeveloped regions of the world was given what label by some commentators? |
| | A) | Dollar Diplomacy |
| | B) | Missionary Diplomacy |
| | C) | The White Man's Burden |
| | D) | The Good Neighbor Policy |
| | E) | New Nationalism |
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8 | | Wilson refused to recognize the regime of Victoriano Huerta in Mexico because |
| | A) | he disapproved of its action in murdering political opponents. |
| | B) | it would have been politically unpopular in the United States. |
| | C) | he feared it was too leftist and would nationalize U.S. investments. |
| | D) | he considered it a rebel government in exile, not the legitimate government. |
| | E) | he insisted on reinforcing Roosevelt's "Big Stick" policy. |
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9 | | The result of the American military expeditions into Mexico in 1914 and 1916 was to |
| | A) | drive out German influence. |
| | B) | remove a dictator and restore democracy. |
| | C) | embitter U.S.-Mexico relations for several years. |
| | D) | lead to more than a decade of occupation by the U.S. army. |
| | E) | increase cultural exchange between the two countries. |
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10 | | The first two countries to begin fighting in the conflict that later became known as World War I were |
| | A) | Austria-Hungary and Serbia. |
| | B) | Belgium and Germany. |
| | C) | France and Italy. |
| | D) | Russia and Poland. |
| | E) | Austria-Hungary and Germany. |
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11 | | In the early years of World War I, from 1914 to 1916, the United States |
| | A) | became an arsenal for the Allies. |
| | B) | maintained a genuinely neutral stance. |
| | C) | remained politically and economically isolated from European affairs. |
| | D) | became sympathetic toward the Central Powers because of the English blockade of Germany. |
| | E) | became an arsenal for both the Allies and the Central Powers. |
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12 | | The chief rivalry in pre-World War I Europe was between |
| | A) | the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente. |
| | B) | Great Britain and Germany. |
| | C) | France and Russia. |
| | D) | Russia and Germany. |
| | E) | Great Britain and Austria-Hungary. |
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13 | | President Wilson protested German violations of American neutrality more harshly than British violations because |
| | A) | he admired the British and favored their cause. |
| | B) | of violent racism towards the German people. |
| | C) | a profitable trade was resulting between the United States and the Allies. |
| | D) | German actions cost some American lives. |
| | E) | the Germans sunk the Lusitania. |
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14 | | Woodrow Wilson's reaction to the sinking of the Lusitania was to |
| | A) | ask Congress for a declaration of war. |
| | B) | break diplomatic relations with Germany. |
| | C) | impose a complete embargo on exports to both sides. |
| | D) | declare war on Germany. |
| | E) | demand assurances from Germany that such outrages would not recur. |
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15 | | How did Wilson react to the question of military preparedness versus pacifism from 1914 to 1916? |
| | A) | He was among the first leading Americans to urge a rapid military buildup. |
| | B) | He was a consistent pacifist right up to the eve of the declaration of war. |
| | C) | Initially opposed to a military buildup, by the end of 1915 he came to support preparedness. |
| | D) | Initially a staunch militarist, early in 1915 he backed off from this bellicose posture for fear of antagonizing the Central Powers. |
| | E) | After the sinking of the Lusitania, he was more insistent on pacifism. |
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16 | | In the presidential election of 1916, the Democrats emphasized |
| | A) | that Wilson had managed so far to keep the nation out of the European war. |
| | B) | domestic issues strongly and almost ignored the European war as an issue. |
| | C) | a belligerent stand against German violations of American neutral rights and that a Democratic victory for the president and Congress would lead to immediate military intervention on the Allied side. |
| | D) | that the United States should take a firm stand against both German and British violations of American neutral rights and should not support or trade with either nation. |
| | E) | that the United States would no longer be an arsenal for the Allies. |
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17 | | The significance of the Zimmermann telegram was that it |
| | A) | induced Mexico to join Germany as an ally. |
| | B) | was the one catalyst that brought the United States into the war. |
| | C) | showed that England was not negotiating in good faith. |
| | D) | gave encouragement to the peace faction in the United States. |
| | E) | inflamed American public opinion against Germany. |
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18 | | The key immediate cause of the American declaration of war against Germany in the spring of 1917 was the |
| | A) | sinking of the Sussex. |
| | B) | Bolshevik revolution in Russia. |
| | C) | reports of German atrocities against civilians. |
| | D) | German resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare. |
| | E) | passage of the Zimmermann telegram. |
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19 | | The most immediate effect of American intervention in the war occurred |
| | A) | in the air. |
| | B) | at sea. |
| | C) | on the ground in Europe. |
| | D) | on the ground in Asia. |
| | E) | None of these answers is correct. |
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20 | | Which of the following statements concerning the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) is true? |
| | A) | The AEF broke the stalemate in favor of the Allies. |
| | B) | Due to its inexperience, the AEF proved largely ineffective in actual combat. |
| | C) | Due to the lateness of its arrival in Europe, the AEF saw relatively little significant combat. |
| | D) | Casualties among the AEF were proportionately larger than among any of the other Allied armies. |
| | E) | The AEF had to be supported by British troops. |
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21 | | Which of the following was a principal method that the U.S. government used to finance the war effort? |
| | A) | deficit spending and printing more Federal Reserve notes |
| | B) | borrowing money from other countries |
| | C) | increasing taxes on corporations, incomes, and inheritances |
| | D) | cutting most forms of federal domestic spending, including education and welfare |
| | E) | putting the economy back on the silver standard |
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22 | | Herbert Hoover was significant to the American effort in World War I as head of the |
| | A) | Rationing Board. |
| | B) | Food Administration. |
| | C) | War Industries Board. |
| | D) | Industrial Workers of the World. |
| | E) | Navy. |
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23 | | Labor unions |
| | A) | saw the war cause a decrease in membership. |
| | B) | gave up the right to strike during the war in return for significant improvements for workers. |
| | C) | gave up the right to strike during the war because they viewed such a decision as their patriotic duty. |
| | D) | gained permanent advantages as a result of the war. |
| | E) | never were a significant force due to the war. |
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24 | | Such expressions as "liberty cabbage" and "liberty sausage," as used during World War I, were an indication of |
| | A) | food shortages in America. |
| | B) | American food relief to Belgium. |
| | C) | American hostile reaction to things German. |
| | D) | American patriotic fervor to increase the food supply by planting home "victory gardens." |
| | E) | American fervor to win the war. |
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25 | | The main purpose of the Committee on Public Information, during World War I, was to |
| | A) | inform American consumers about wartime regulations and restrictions on food, gasoline, nylon, and the like. |
| | B) | infiltrate behind German lines and distribute flyers to the German and occupied citizens urging them to undermine the war effort. |
| | C) | gather data about troop movements and plans of the Central Powers. |
| | D) | report to American newspapers the status of the war. |
| | E) | disseminate pro-war propaganda and promote public support of the war in the United States. |
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26 | | Who of the following was NOT one of the principal figures along with Wilson in the Versailles negotiations? |
| | A) | Lloyd George |
| | B) | Bernard Baruch |
| | C) | Vittorio Orlando |
| | D) | Georges Clemenceau |
| | E) | Woodrow Wilson |
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27 | | Which of the following was NOT included in Wilson's Fourteen Points? |
| | A) | freedom of the seas |
| | B) | reduction in armaments |
| | C) | reparations from those guilty of starting the war |
| | D) | removal of economic barriers to trade between nations |
| | E) | creation of a League of Nations |
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28 | | Which of the following nations was NOT represented at the Paris Peace Conference? |
| | A) | France |
| | B) | Italy |
| | C) | Britain |
| | D) | Russia |
| | E) | United States |
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29 | | Both the Palmer Raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti case may be cited as evidence in the aftermath of World War I of the depth of feeling in America against |
| | A) | radicalism. |
| | B) | German-Americans. |
| | C) | Italian-Americans. |
| | D) | internationalism. |
| | E) | Jewish immigrants. |
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30 | | In the first few years after World War I, relations between blacks and whites in America were generally characterized by |
| | A) | grudging acceptance due to common economic distress. |
| | B) | extreme resentment, race riots, and numerous lynchings. |
| | C) | relative cordiality due to the blacks' gallant service in the war. |
| | D) | notable improvement due to new legal safeguards for blacks, which had been enacted during the Progressive period. |
| | E) | peaceful separation. |
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