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1 | | Which of the following population trends occurred in the United States from 1860 to 1910? |
| | A) | gradual decline of the rural population in absolute numbers |
| | B) | shift of the majority of the urban population from the central city to the suburbs |
| | C) | significant shift of the population from the North to the South |
| | D) | faster rate of growth for the cities than for the general population |
| | E) | significant shift of the population from the South to the West |
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2 | | Because of rapid growth in the late nineteenth century, American cities |
| | A) | protected traditional social and cultural values. |
| | B) | provided services and facilities inadequate to demands. |
| | C) | witnessed the flight of factories and corporate offices to newer, less crowded locations. |
| | D) | supported efficient and honest governments. |
| | E) | integrated different ethnicities. |
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3 | | American urban population growth from 1860 to 1910 resulted mainly from a(n) |
| | A) | low rate of infant mortality. |
| | B) | increasing fertility rate. |
| | C) | low death rate from disease. |
| | D) | increased instances of premarital sex. |
| | E) | large influx of new immigrants. |
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4 | | The large-scale movement of African Americans from the rural South to industrial cities began during the late nineteenth century mainly because of the |
| | A) | poverty and oppression of the South. |
| | B) | prospective professional opportunities in the cities. |
| | C) | abundance of factory jobs there for African Americans. |
| | D) | absence of racial discrimination in the North. |
| | E) | absence of job competition in the North. |
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5 | | The new immigrants of the late nineteenth century settled primarily in eastern industrial cities because they |
| | A) | lacked the capital to buy land and begin farming in the West. |
| | B) | found immediate employment as unskilled factory workers. |
| | C) | found refuge and camaraderie among fellow nationals there. |
| | D) | found refuge and camaraderie among fellow nationals there, and they found immediate employment as unskilled factory workers. |
| | E) | lacked the capital to buy land and begin farming in the West, found immediate employment as unskilled workers, and found refuge and camaraderie among fellow nationals there. |
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6 | | The formation of ethnic neighborhoods by immigrants in American cities |
| | A) | tended to reinforce the cultural values of their previous societies. |
| | B) | resulted primarily from discriminatory zoning restrictions. |
| | C) | prevented their identification with, and advancement in, American society. |
| | D) | intensified a sense of not belonging to a coherent community. |
| | E) | pressured residents to assimilate to American society. |
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7 | | Nativist reaction against European immigrants of the late nineteenth century resulted from all of the following factors EXCEPT the |
| | A) | arrival of such vast numbers of immigrants. |
| | B) | refusal of most immigrants and their children to attempt to assimilate themselves into American culture. |
| | C) | generalized fears of foreigners. |
| | D) | economic concern that immigrant workers would threaten the wages and positions of American workers. |
| | E) | prejudices of foreigners. |
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8 | | Which of the following groups were excluded from immigration to the United States by laws passed in the 1880s and 1890s? |
| | A) | Japanese |
| | B) | convicts, paupers, and mental incompetents |
| | C) | illiterates |
| | D) | Irish |
| | E) | Germans |
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9 | | The Immigration Restriction League |
| | A) | blamed foreigners for all the disorder and corruption of the urban world. |
| | B) | advocated the screening of immigrants through literacy tests. |
| | C) | adopted crude theories of conspiracy and a stance of rabid xenophobia. |
| | D) | enlisted the support of President Grover Cleveland for their proposals. |
| | E) | rallied against the creation of ethnic neighborhoods. |
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10 | | The majority of big-city residents in late-nineteenth-century America |
| | A) | could afford their own houses, thanks to the availability of cheap labor and low building costs. |
| | B) | took advantage of less expensive lands on the edges of the city and settled in suburbs. |
| | C) | stayed in the city centers and rented living space. |
| | D) | exacted high standards from urban landlords. |
| | E) | commuted by trains to downtown centers. |
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11 | | Most wealthy urban residents |
| | A) | lived on the edge of the city to keep distance between them and the urban poor. |
| | B) | lived in new "fashionable districts" in the heart of the city. |
| | C) | lived in the new suburbs and took the streetcars into the city. |
| | D) | built homes at a distance from the city to take advantage of the cleaner air. |
| | E) | commuted to work on railroads. |
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12 | | By the 1890s, a million New Yorkers lived in tenements, which were |
| | A) | slum dwellings with inadequate light, plumbing, and heat. |
| | B) | helping relieve and disperse population growth. |
| | C) | rental buildings designed for single-family residences. |
| | D) | transformed by state laws into model housing units for the poor. |
| | E) | stylish homes in a fashionable section of the city. |
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13 | | New forms of urban transportation during this era included |
| | A) | horse-drawn streetcars. |
| | B) | automobiles. |
| | C) | commuter ferries. |
| | D) | gasoline-powered buses. |
| | E) | elevated railroads. |
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14 | | What late nineteenth-century technological developments made "skyscrapers" practical? |
| | A) | electric elevators |
| | B) | air conditioning |
| | C) | concrete |
| | D) | lightning rods |
| | E) | underground cables |
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15 | | Urban poverty |
| | A) | was greatly relieved by the Salvation Army. |
| | B) | was significantly eased by the generosity of the middle class. |
| | C) | was not viewed as a structural problem during this era. |
| | D) | was eased by the open-minded charity work of Protestant philanthropists. |
| | E) | was greatly reduced by the introduction of tenements. |
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16 | | The most famous and notorious city "boss" of the late nineteenth century was |
| | A) | Louis Sullivan. |
| | B) | Theodore Dreiser. |
| | C) | John A. Roebling. |
| | D) | William M. Tweed. |
| | E) | D. W. Griffith. |
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17 | | The political machines of the bosses were able to retain power for all of the following reasons EXCEPT |
| | A) | immigrant voters were more concerned with receiving services than with middle-class standards of political morality. |
| | B) | some wealthy and influential citizens profited from dealings with the bosses. |
| | C) | city government structure often had structural weaknesses that kept it from meeting citizen needs. |
| | D) | the growth of cities was chaotic. |
| | E) | reform groups, able to mobilize public outrage against boss rule, were absent. |
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18 | | Which of the following was NOT a trend contributing to the rise of mass consumption in the late nineteenth century? |
| | A) | The emergence of ready-made clothing as a basis of the American wardrobe. |
| | B) | The breakup of marketing monopolies held by national chain stores. |
| | C) | The development of canned food and refrigerated railroad cars. |
| | D) | The emergence of large department stores and mail-order houses. |
| | E) | The increasing prosperity of the middle class. |
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19 | | Each of the following spectator sports increased in popularity during this era EXCEPT |
| | A) | baseball. |
| | B) | football. |
| | C) | boxing. |
| | D) | hockey. |
| | E) | basketball. |
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20 | | Vaudeville shows were composed of |
| | A) | traveling dramatists who performed Shakespeare and other classic plays in small towns and cities. |
| | B) | a variety of acts including musicians, singers, comedians, magicians, jugglers, dancers, and the like. |
| | C) | a mixture of primitive motion pictures with music by a small live orchestra. |
| | D) | gypsies and other unsavory characters who used the shows to attract crowds to sell patent medicines and other fraudulent products. |
| | E) | only black performers. |
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21 | | The emergence of national press services in the late nineteenth century contributed most significantly to |
| | A) | increased salaries for reporters. |
| | B) | the publication of color photographs. |
| | C) | standardization of the news. |
| | D) | separation of news from opinions. |
| | E) | a professional identity for American journalists. |
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22 | | The theory of evolution |
| | A) | supported traditional American beliefs about the nature of man and history. |
| | B) | met uniform resistance from middle-class Protestant religious leaders. |
| | C) | gained greater acceptance in rural areas than in urban areas. |
| | D) | influenced new ways of thinking in the social sciences. |
| | E) | was at the center of liberal Protestantism. |
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23 | | According to the philosophy of pragmatism, modern society, for guidance, should primarily rely on |
| | A) | inherited ideals. |
| | B) | scientific inquiry. |
| | C) | moral principles. |
| | D) | religious beliefs. |
| | E) | popular ideas. |
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24 | | Which of the following trends in American education did NOT take place in the late nineteenth century? |
| | A) | the spread of universal free public education |
| | B) | passage by states of compulsory attendance laws |
| | C) | rapid proliferation of colleges across the nation |
| | D) | increased emphasis on the classical curriculum at the university level |
| | E) | development of land-grant institutions |
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