Learning Objectives

Having read the chapter, you should be able to do each of the following:

Summarize the events that led to the constitutional convention in 1787 and the eventual adoption of the U.S. Constitution.

Describe the checks and balances on the powers of the three branches of American government. Assess its effectiveness in controlling the abuse of political power.

Compare "separation of power" and "separated institutions sharing power." Assess why the second, which characterizes the U.S. system, is the more substantial check on political power.

Explain what is meant by the term "judicial review," and assess its significance in a system based on limited government.

Discuss the distinction the Framers made between the terms "democracy" and "republic."

Summarize the debate between the Antifederalists and the Federalists over the ratification of the Constitution.

Define the "delegate" and "trustee" concepts from the perspective of a public official.

Analyze the development of American political institutions in terms of the conflicting concerns about

expanded popular rule
protection of minority rights
elite influence

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