Traditions and Encounters, AP Edition (Bentley), 5th Edition

Chapter 4: Early Societies in South Asia

Learning Objectives



When you have finished studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following:

  • Explain the origins of Harappan society in the Indus River valley.
  • Identify features of Harappan society and culture and discuss theories behind Harappan decline.
  • Understand the Indo-European migrations and the development of early Aryan India.
  • Outline the origins of the caste system and the development of patriarchal society.
  • Identify the key elements of Aryan religious belief and practices and their blending with Dravidian values.

Traditions & Encounters, 5e
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