Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition (Shier)

Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism

Post-Test Questions

1
The highest number of ATP molecules is generated in
A)anaerobic metabolism
B)glycolysis
C)the aerobic portion of cellular respiration
D)DNA replication
2
The initial phase of the metabolic pathway of carbohydrates produces 2 ATP molecules.
A)True
B)False
3
The most important product of cellular respiration is
A)ATP
B)oxygen
C)carbon dioxide
D)water
4
The rate of an enzyme-controlled pathway is determined by a
A)chemical on-off switch
B)rate-limiting enzyme
C)rate-setting hormone
D)substrate-lysing substance
5
The genome consists of
A)a distinct portion of DNA that encodes for a particular protein
B)all of the DNA in a cell
C)all of the DNA and RNA in a cell
D)only the genes that encode protein
6
The “backbone” of DNA is composed of alternating
A)thymine and cytosine
B)phosphate and sugar molecules
C)amino acids
D)alternating organic bases and nucleotides
7
Which of the following base pairs of DNA is complementary?
A)thymine and cytosine
B)guanine and adenine
C)guanine and thymine
D)adenine and thymine
8
Genetic information must tell cells
A)what elements to combine in synthesizing fats
B)the kinds of bonds between elements that must be formed
C)how to position amino acids correctly in polypeptide chains
D)the position of phosphate and sugar molecules in the DNA “backbone”
9
DNA molecules are replicated during what phase of the cell cycle?
A)prophase
B)anaphase
C)interphase
D)metaphase
10
Which is the first step that occurs during DNA replication?
A)placement of nucleotides by DNA polymerase
B)DNA leaves the nucleus
C)enzymes form the sugar-phosphate backbone
D)the hydrogen bonds between base pairs break
11
Choose the true statement regarding mutations.
A)Mutations are always spontaneous.
B)Cells cannot correct mutations once they occur.
C)Mutations that cause illness may be present long before symptoms occur.
D)Mutations are always harmful.
12
RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules in all of the following ways except
A)RNA molecules are single-stranded rather than double-stranded
B)RNA molecules are found in both the nucleus and in cytoplasm
C)RNA contains the sugar ribose
D)RNA molecules contain both thymine and uracil
13
Which of the following would not occur if a cell lacked tRNA?
A)transcription
B)replication of DNA
C)correct assembly of amino acids into proteins
D)genetic information is carried from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
14
A codon is
A)a three-base sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid
B)a three-base sequence in DNA that specifies a particular amino acid
C)a tRNA molecule that guides a specific amino acid into place
D)a DNA sequence that signals where RNA translation should begin and end
15
Transcription occurs in the
A)nucleus
B)cytoplasm
C)mitochondria
D)Golgi apparatus
16
Enzymes are specialized proteins that control each of the interrelated reactions of metabolism.
A)True
B)False
17
A protein is a chain of less than 50 amino acids.
A)True
B)False
18
Hydrolysis occurs during the metabolic reactions of digestion.
A)True
B)False
19
Enzymes recognize the specific shape of the substrate with which they react.
A)True
B)False
20
Energy can have many forms, such as mechanical, chemical, or thermal.
A)True
B)False
21
In cellular respiration, cells capture most of the energy released by breaking chemical bonds and very little is lost as heat.
A)True
B)False
22
Anaerobic respiration requires oxygen.
A)True
B)False
23
The function of ATP is to store energy in its terminal phosphate bond.
A)True
B)False
24
Increasing the amount of substrate will always lead to an increase in the rate of the reaction.
A)True
B)False
25
If a DNA strand contains the base-pair sequence AGTC, its complementary strand will have the sequence CTGA.
A)True
B)False
26
Production of the high-energy terminal phosphate bond of ATP depends on oxygen.
A)True
B)False
27
The specific codon that “starts” translation is AUG.
A)True
B)False
28
DNA replication involves an enzyme called RNA polymerase.
A)True
B)False
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