Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition (Shier)

Chapter 20: Pregnancy, Growth, Development, and Genetics

Post-Test Questions

1
The embryonic portion of the placenta is the
A)amnion
B)allantois
C)yolk sac
D)chorion
2
How many umbilical arteries and veins does the umbilical cord contain?
A)1 umbilical artery and 1 umbilical vein
B)1 umbilical artery and 2 umbilical veins
C)2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein
D)2 umbilical arteries and 2 umbilical veins
3
In the embryo, which 2 membranes are responsible for blood cell formation?
A)amnion and chorion
B)placenta and chorion
C)allantois and yolk sac
D)amnion and allantois
4
The systems that mature last during fetal development are the
A)skeletal and muscular systems
B)digestive and respiratory systems
C)circulatory and urinary systems
D)nervous and muscular systems
5
About half of the blood entering the fetus in the umbilical vein enters the ductus venosus, and bypasses the fetal
A)Liver
B)spleen
C)pancreas
D)small intestine
6
Bleeding following expulsion of the afterbirth is controlled by
A)secretion of antidiuretic hormone
B)increased fibrinogen levels
C)sympathetic stimulation of arterioles
D)contraction of uterine muscles, caused by oxytocin
7
The substance secreted by the breast immediately following delivery is
A)colostrum
B)prolactin
C)milk
D)oxytocin
8
Milk ejection from the breast is initially stimulated by
A)filling of the milk ducts with milk
B)oxytocin release
C)mechanical stimulation of the nipple, such as suckling
D)gonadotropin release
9
Which of the following fetal structures closes after birth as a result of a change in blood pressure, and may take up to a year to close permanently?
A)ductus venosus
B)umbilical arteries
C)umbilical vein
D)foramen ovale
10
The chromosomes and genes that determine our traits occur in
A)singles
B)pairs
C)triplets
D)quadruplets
11
The combination of alleles for a certain trait is called the
A)genotype
B)karyotype
C)autosome
D)phenotype
12
The normal-functioning or most common allele for a gene in a population is called the ____________ allele.
A)wild type
B)dominant
C)recessive
D)mutant
13
Which of the following is a box diagram used to depict the possible genotypes for certain traits in the offspring of 2 parents?
A)pedigree
B)Punnett square
C)karyotype
D)mode of inheritance
14
Sperm cells reach the upper portions of the uterine tube within an hour after ejaculation.
A)True
B)False
15
The first part of the egg cell’s surface that the sperm encounters is the zona pellucida.
A)True
B)False
16
The offspring is called a fetus eight weeks after conception.
A)True
B)False
17
If two secondary oocytes are released and fertilized, identical twins result.
A)True
B)False
18
The corpus luteum secretes both estrogen and progesterone during early pregnancy.
A)True
B)False
19
Placental progesterone and the polypeptide relaxin from the corpus luteum suppress uterine contractions until the birth process begins.
A)True
B)False
20
Fetal organs are not present until the end of the tenth week of development.
A)True
B)False
21
Neonates younger than 24 weeks of gestation have almost no chance of survival.
A)True
B)False
22
Blood from the fetal circulation mixes directly with blood from the maternal circulation.
A)True
B)False
23
The concentration of fetal hemoglobin is about 50% lower than it is in maternal blood.
A)True
B)False
24
The urine of a newborn is more concentrated than that of a child or an adult.
A)True
B)False
25
The appearance or characteristic associated with a certain genotype is called the phenotype.
A)True
B)False
26
An X-linked trait is more likely to be expressed in a female, because she has two chances of having the proper allele.
A)True
B)False
27
Only males can have Y-linked traits.
A)True
B)False
28
Environmental factors are particularly influential in polygenic traits, which are determined by more than one gene pair.
A)True
B)False
29
In autosomal dominant inheritance, only one disease-causing allele is required to inherit the particular condition.
A)True
B)False
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