Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications (Lewis), 9th Edition

Chapter 14: Constant Allele Frequencies

Practice Tests

1
The alleles in a population comprise its _____.
A)gene allocation
B)gene flow
C)gene pool
D)genotype
2
____ is the source of new alleles in a population.
A)Genetic drift
B)Mutation
C)Selection
D)Nonrandom mating
3
Small scale shifts in allele frequencies is the defining characteristic of _____.
A)microevolution
B)macroevolution
C)natural selection
D)nonrandom mating
4
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium explains _____.
A)the introduction of new alleles into a population.
B)the formation of a new species.
C)the reasons for migration.
D)constant allele frequencies in a population.
5
Consider a gene in a population where the dominant allele G occurs in 56% of the gametes. What is the frequency of the recessive allele?
A)56%
B)44%
C)0%
D)Cannot be determined
6
Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percentage of individuals are heterozygous if p = 0.6?
A)16%
B)24%
C)35%
D)48%
7
Approximately 1/2000 individuals have a recessive genetic disorder. What is the frequency of the recessive allele?
A)0.0005
B)0.995
C)0.978
D)0.022
8
Which of the following represents the proportion of individuals within a population displaying a dominant phenotype?
A)p2
B)2pq
C)p2 + 2pq
D)p2 + 2pq + q2
9
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a recessive allele will ____ over time.
A)increase
B)decrease
C)remain the same
D)vary
10
Assume that the incidence of an X-linked recessive disorder is 1 in 200 male births. What is the frequency of the mutant allele?
A)0.000025
B)0.005
C)0.071
D)0.995
11
Again assuming that an X-linked recessive disorder occurs in 1 in 200 male births, what is the frequency of affected females?
A)0.000025
B)0.005
C)0.071
D)0.995
12
Assume that the incidence of an X-linked recessive disorder is 1 in 200 female births. What is the frequency of the mutant allele?
A)0.000025
B)0.005
C)0.071
D)0.995
13
Again assuming that an X-linked recessive disorder occurs in 1 in 200 female births, what is the frequency of affected males?
A)0.000025
B)0.005
C)0.071
D)0.995
14
The chance of carrying the cystic fibrosis allele is 1/23 in the Caucasian population. For two unrelated Caucasian individuals with no family history of CF, the risk of having an affected child is _____.
A)1/4 x 1/4
B)1/23 x 1/23 x 1/4
C)1/23 x 1/23
D)1/4 x 1/4 x 1/23
15
The Mennonite and Amish populations have many autosomal recessive illnesses that are extremely rare elsewhere. Which of the following factors is NOT a cause?
A)They descended from a few founding families.
B)They marry among themselves.
C)Spontaneous mutations occur at a very high rate.
D)All of the above account for the prevalence of recessive disorder.
16
Given that cystic fibrosis affects 1 in 2000 Caucasian newborns, what is the frequency of the recessive allele for cystic fibrosis in the population?
A)0.0005
B)0.025
C)0.022
D)0.978
17
Using the information from Question 17, what is the carrier frequency in the population?
A)0.043
B)0.025
C)0.022
D)0.978
18
Using the information from questions 17 and 18, what is the chance that two Caucasian individuals with no family history of cystic fibrosis will produce a child with cystic fibrosis?
A)0%
B)1 in 4
C)1 in 529
D)1 in 2116
19
A highly variable gene variant or DNA sequence present in more than 1% of a population is called a _____.
A)polymorphism
B)VNTR
C)STR
D)RFLP
20
The differences in DNA fragment sizes resulting from differences in restriction enzyme cutting sites are called _____.
A)polymorphisms
B)VNTRs
C)STRs
D)RFLPs
21
Short sequences of DNA can be amplified by _____ before they are analyzed.
A)RFLP
B)STR
C)PCR
D)None of the above; small sequences are not used in DNA analysis.
22
The ____ rule of probability is used to calculate the likelihood that someone other than the suspect in a forensic case may have left the crime scene sample.
A)sum
B)product
C)additive
D)None of the above; probability is not used to calculate matches.
23
Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments of different sizes with ____ fragments moving closer to the ____ pole.
A)shorter; negative
B)shorter; positive
C)longer; negative
D)longer; positive
24
DNA collected from a crime scene and from a suspect both have the following genotype: A1A2 B2 B2 C1C2. If the frequencies of the A1, B1, and C1 alleles are 0.9, 0.99, and 0.8 respectively, calculate the probability that another person in the suspect's group has the same pattern of these alleles.
A)1.44 x 10-6
B)5.76 x 10-6
C)0.400
D)0.600
25
Who was the first person in the United States to be convicted of a crime on the basis of DNA evidence?
A)Nancy Hodge
B)Godfrey Hardy
C)Alec Jeffries
D)Tommie Lee Andrews
26
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding VNTRs?
A)They are also called microsatellites.
B)Their distribution in the genome is not uniform.
C)The repeat length is 10-80 bases.
D)All of the above are correct.
27
Which of the following is best used in cases when the DNA of the victim is highly fragmented?
A)RFLPs
B)STRs
C)VNTRs
D)None of the above can be used.
28
The use of copy number variants of very short repeats to identify or distinguish individuals is called _____.
A)biotargeting
B)DNA profiling
C)bioethics
D)biostatistics
29
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is best described as _____.
A)the ratio of genotype classes expected in the progeny of a particular cross
B)a biotechnology that detects differences in the number of copies of certain DNA repeats among individuals
C)an idealized state in which allele frequencies in a population do not change from generation to generation
D)the number of new cases of a disease during a certain time in a particular location
30
Macroevolution describes _____.
A)genetic change sufficient to form a new species
B)the change of allele frequency in a population
C)a characteristic associated with increased likelihood of developing a particular medical condition
D)all the alleles in a given population
31
Challenges to DNA profiling in mass disasters include _____.
A)climate conditions that hasten decay
B)lack of relatives
C)poor DNA quality
D)All of the above
32
A(n) ____ is a group of interbreeding members of the same species in a particular area.
A)frequency
B)incidence
C)population
D)equilibrium
33
Which of these criteria must be met for a biobank to be effective?
A)have data and tissue samples from at least 1000 people
B)include family trees that link generations
C)draw conclusions based on data from one or two families
D)assume that all traits in the population are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
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