1 A) Changing sea levels. B) Increased frequency of extreme climatic events. C) Direct and indirect effects on agriculture. D) Expansion of tropical diseases. E) All of these are correct. 2 A) there are fewer clouds in the tropics. B) the tropics receive more solar energy per unit area because of an almost perpendicular angle of incidence of sunlight. C) tropical soils are chemically easier to heat than are temperate soils. D) the rotation of the Earth spins the atmosphere in such a way that the heat gets trapped near the equator. E) it rains a lot in the tropics, and it tends to be warmer in wet areas than in dry areas. 3 A) rising and cooling, little B) rising and warming, much C) descending and warming, little D) descending and warming, much E) descending and cooling, little 4 A) leeward B) windward C) low D) high E) descending 5 A) Mediterranean climate - western sides of continents B) Cold temperatures - high latitudes or high elevations C) Some major deserts - interiors of large continents D) Doldrums - near the equator E) Monsoons - southern Africa 6 A) temperature and soil type B) cloud cover and wind speed C) temperature and precipitation D) precipitation and soil type E) precipitation and wind speed 7 A) the rotation of the Earth. B) salinity and density gradients within the oceans. C) surface winds. D) all of these are correct. E) none of these are correct. 8 A) savannah > taiga > desert > temperate grassland > temperate deciduous forest B) savannah > temperate deciduous forest > temperate grassland > taiga > desert C) temperate deciduous forest > savannah > taiga > desert > temperate grassland D) temperate deciduous forest > temperate grassland > savannah > taiga > desert E) temperate deciduous forest > savannah > temperate grassland > taiga > desert 9 A) the dissolved oxygen at the bottom level of the lake can be depleted by the end of summer. B) light does not penetrate to any great depth. C) fish such as trout survive very well. D) more than one of these is correct. E) all of these are correct. 10 A) the ocean currents are too strong for the phytoplankton. B) nutrients for phytoplankton are in very low concentrations at the surface. C) pollution has killed most of the phytoplankton. D) all of these are correct. E) none of these are correct. 11 A) It has many different, small, independent sources. B) Regulation of diffuse pollution will be ineffective. C) It depends on changing the behavior of individuals. D) Many different chemicals are probably involved. E) all of these are correct. 12 A) carbon dioxide is the only one B) methane, nitrous oxide C) nitrous oxide, ozone D) ozone E) hydrogen sulfide 13 A) altitude. B) temperature. C) barometric pressure. D) day length. E) all of these are correct. 14 A) True B) False 15 A) they have the highest number of species of any ecosystem. B) of the three-dimensional habitat created by the coral. C) of the symbiotic relationships that occur among the species. D) they occur in the tropics and subtropics. E) all of these are correct.
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