Biology (Raven), 9th Edition

Chapter 57: Community of Ecology

Post-Test

1
Which of the following evidence supports the individualistic concept of a community?
A)The abundance of species varies independently along a geographical gradient.
B)Observations from the fossil record show a different species composition in the past in the same place.
C)There are no abrupt transitions between communities.
D)all of these are correct.
E)none of these is correct.
2
Two species of bird found on two different islands in an archipelago have identically-sized beaks and eat similar seeds. What would you predict about the evolution of beak size if you transplanted both of these two species to a new island that was uninhabited by similar birds?
A)There would be no change in the beaks of either species.
B)The beak size of one of the species would change, becoming either larger or smaller on average.
C)One of the species would go extinct.
D)The beak sizes of both species would diverge from each other and from their original sizes.
E)The beak sizes of both species would converge together.
3
Which of the following predictions are true regarding Batesian mimicry?
A)They should be relatively rare compared to their model.
B)There will be selection for polymorphism in the mimic to enable it to mimic more than one model.
C)There will be constant selection for the mimic to resemble the model more and more closely.
D)all of these are correct
E)none of these - these predictions apply to Mullerian mimicry
4
Keystone species play an especially important in a community because they may:
A)be food for many different species.
B)be predators and prevent one species from outcompeting another.
C)manipulate the environment in ways that create new habitat for other species.
D)more than one of these is correct.
E)none of these are correct.
5
Why is disturbance of communities thought to increase species diversity?
A)It may prevent the final stage of succession from being reached.
B)Patches of habitat will exist at different successional stages with different compositions of species.
C)An equilibrium state will never be reached.
D)all of these are correct.
E)none of these are correct.
6
Which concept of a biological community predicts that a community should remain stable over time?
A)the individualistic concept
B)the integrative concept
C)the synergistic concept
D)the holistic concept
E)the systemic concept
7
The ecological niche of an organism is the total of all the ways it uses the resources of its environment. Why are species sometimes unable to occupy their entire niche?
A)The species has not yet reached an equilibrium state.
B)The niche itself is not stable and continually changing so the species is never fully adapted.
C)more than one of these is correct.
D)Because of interactions with other species.
E)None of these is correct.
8
Will selection be stronger on the prey to evolve defenses or on the predators to evolve mechanisms to counter these defenses?
A)the prey
B)the predators
C)on both equally
D)impossible to predict
E)It depends on the trophic level.
9
Commensalism is a type of symbiosis in which:
A)both species benefit equally.
B)one species benefits while the other is harmed.
C)both species are harmed.
D)one species benefits while the other is not affected either positively or negatively.
E)Commensalism does not refer to species interactions.
10
Ecological succession occurs because:
A)the environment is always changing.
B)of competition between species.
C)it takes a long time to reach an equilibrium state.
D)species alter the habitat in ways that favour other species.
E)all of these are correct.
11
Character displacement is associated with
A)sympatric species.
B)allopatric species.
C)keystone species.
D)primary succession.
E)secondary succession.
12
The realized niche of a species tends to be
A)the same size as the fundamental niche.
B)smaller than the fundamental niche.
C)larger than the fundamental niche.
D)less important than the fundamental niche.
E)harder to document than the fundamental niche.
13
Who formulated the principle of competitive exclusion?
A)Connell
B)Darwin
C)MacArthur
D)Gause
E)Park
14
Resource partitioning
A)increases interspecific competition.
B)decreases interspecific competition.
C)has never been documented in the wild.
D)results in organisms with very similar traits.
E)only occurs when resources are unlimited.
15
Which of the following helps a prey species avoid being detected by a predator?
A)Mullerian mimicry
B)Secondary chemical compounds
C)Aposematic coloration
D)Cryptic coloration
E)Batesian mimicry
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