Biology (Raven), 9th Edition

Chapter 55: Behavioral Biology

Post-Test

1
Homing pigeons have the ability to detect the Earth's magnetic field and use it for orientation when flying under overcast conditions. What would you predict would happen if you fixed a small bar magnet on a pigeon's head and released it on a cloudy day?
A)It will fly off in the correct direction towards home.
B)It will fly off in exactly the opposite direction of home.
C)It will be unable to fly at all.
D)It will fly off in a random direction.
E)It is impossible to predict what will happen.
2
Signals used by animals for communication vary in their specificity. Which type of signal is the most specific?
A)pheromones used by mammals for territorial marking
B)courtship
C)alarm calls of birds
D)alarm pheromone of honeybees
E)All of these are equally specific.
3
Shore crabs tend to feed on intermediate sized mussels rather than on the largest ones because:
A)they are unable to open the largest ones.
B)there are no large ones left as they are eaten by other predators.
C)this maximizes their net energy gain.
D)only certain trace elements occur in the intermediate sized mussels.
E)it is a matter of chance; the intermediate sized mussels are the most common.
4
Sexual dimorphism is the result of:
A)intrasexual selection.
B)intersexual selection.
C)sexual selection.
D)differences in nutrition between the sexes.
E)none of these is correct.
5
Queens of some ants, bees and wasp species mate with a number of unrelated males. Suppose that a queen mates twice and the sperm mixes evenly, what would be the average relatedness among her daughters in the colony?
A)0.75
B)0.25
C)0.50
D)0.375
E)none of these
6
The study of behavior involves studying:
A)the role of instinct.
B)the role of learning.
C)the physiological basis for a behavior.
D)the adaptive value of a behavior.
E)All of these are correct.
7
Identical twins reared together show similar personality traits, likes/dislikes, etc. These similarities are due to:
A)identical genes.
B)growing up in the same environment.
C)the interaction between genes and environment.
D)It is impossible to tell from these observations alone.
E)None of these would contribute to similarity.
8
A decreased response to a repeated stimulus that has no positive or negative consequences is called:
A)automatism.
B)habituation.
C)stimulation.
D)association.
E)None of these.
9
As an animal develops it may form social attachments to other individuals that may affect its behavior later in life. This process is called:
A)attachment behavior.
B)instinct.
C)imprinting.
D)cognition.
E)habituation.
10
Cognitive behavior is:
A)instinctive behavior.
B)thinking.
C)conditioned responses.
D)association.
E)repetition.
11
Animal migration is characterized by the following feature(s):
A)two-way movement to and from two sites
B)often large number of individuals involved
C)instinct
D)often use of environmental information for navigation (e.g. position of the stars at night)
E)All of these
12
Signals that can be involved in animal communication:
A)pheromones
B)language
C)sound
D)light
E)all of these
13
Behavior is always adaptive (i.e. produced as a result of natural selection).
A)True
B)False
14
Mate choice by females means that:
A)the sexes have different reproductive strategies.
B)there must be more males than females in the population.
C)females are "indecisive".
D)some males use improper courtship behavior.
E)none of these
15
Altruism, which results in a cost (e.g. reduced reproductive success) for the altruist, can evolve if:
A)it cannot evolve; it represents a "mistake."
B)it is of benefit to the species as a whole.
C)the altruist helps close relatives.
D)there is in fact no cost.
E)none of these
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