Biology (Raven), 9th Edition

Chapter 54: Animal Development

Post-Test

1
Egg activation:
A)is triggered by the fusion of the sperm and egg membranes.
B)can be stimulated in some species by pricking the egg.
C)results in a large increase in levels of free Ca2+ ions in the egg.
D)results in an increase in metabolic activity in the egg.
E)All of these are correct.
2
In vertebrates having eggs with large yolks, cleavage is described as _______ and results in a ________ on top of the yolk.
A)meroblastic/trophoblast
B)holoblastic/blastodisc
C)meroblastic/blastodisc
D)meroblastic/blastomere
E)holoblastic/blastodisc
3
During gastrulation in birds:
A)the primitive streak forms the endoderm.
B)the blastoderm gives rise to all three germ layers.
C)the blastoderm first separates into three layers.
D)More than one of these are correct.
E)None of these are correct.
4
What is the most important factor in determining the developmental fate of a cell in a developing embryo?
A)Its location.
B)Its genotype.
C)The adjacent cells.
D)Its age.
E)All of these are correct.
5
In the dorsal lip transplantation experiments done by Spemann and Mangold, the conclusive evidence for the existence of organizers was:
A)the development of a second notochord at the transplantation site.
B)the host cells as well as the transplanted ones made up the second notochord.
C)the differentiation of the dorsal lip cells into belly cells.
D)All of these are correct.
E)None of these are correct.
6
The pattern of growth in which different components, or organs, grow at different rates is known as:
A)homologous growth.
B)isometric growth.
C)allometric growth.
D)heterometric growth.
E)uneven growth.
7
The acrosome:
A)is the outer layer of an egg.
B)is a structure on the sperm that is used to penetrate the egg.
C)contains digestive enzymes.
D)occurs only in sea urchin sperm.
E)more than one of these is correct
8
The process of cleavage:
A)results in an increase in the overall size of the embryo.
B)is the event following fertilization.
C)is rapid division of the zygote into many cells.
D)has the same pattern in all animals.
E)more than one of these is correct
9
The significance of gastrulation is that it:
A)increases the size of the embryo.
B)forms two primary germ layers.
C)converts the blastula into bilaterally symmetrical embryo.
D)converts the gastrula into bilaterally symmetrical embryo.
E)more than one of these is correct.
10
In vertebrates organogenesis begins with the formation of the:
A)somites and the dorsal nerve chord.
B)notochord and the neural crest.
C)notochord and the dorsal nerve chord.
D)somites.
E)neural crest and the dorsal nerve chord.
11
In vertebrate development clusters of cells called a (an) _________ release diffusible ________ that stimulate the development of different organs.
A)node/morphogens
B)organizer/morphogens
C)organizer/inductants
D)node/inductants
E)none of these
12
During pregnancy the placenta secretes estrogen and progesterone. The result of this is:
A)the maintenance of the uterus.
B)the release of hCG is stimulated.
C)the release of FSH and LH is stimulated, preventing ovulation.
D)the release of FSH and LH is inhibited, preventing ovulation.
E)more than one of these is correct.
13
When does a human egg cell complete its second meiotic division?
A)Just before ovulation.
B)Just before sperm penetration.
C)After sperm penetration.
D)After cleavage has begun.
E)After implantation in the uterus.
14
Which of the following is NOT an effect of fusion of the sperm and egg membranes during fertilization?
A)Movement of the egg cytoplasm.
B)An increase in the levels of free intracellular Ca2+ ions in the egg.
C)An increase in protein synthesis and metabolic activity in the egg.
D)Initiation of a block to polyspermy.
E)None of these are correct.
15
Where does the gray crescent form?
A)On the head of the sperm cell.
B)On the side of the egg cell opposite where the sperm penetrated.
C)On the part of the egg cell where the sperm penetrated.
D)In the middle of the yolk plug.
E)Between the endoderm and ectoderm.
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