Biology (Raven), 9th Edition

Chapter 49: The Respiratory System

Pre-Test

1
Diffusion alone cannot meet metabolic demands for oxygen if the diffusion distance is greater than approximately
A)0.5 mm.
B)5.0 mm.
C)0.5 cm.
D)5.0 cm.
E)0.5 m.
2
Which of the following is NOT a way to increase the efficiency of a respiratory system?
A)Increase the surface area available for diffusion of gases.
B)Decrease the distance over which the gases must diffuse.
C)Increase the concentration gradient of the gases on the two sides of the diffusion surface.
D)Dry the system out so the gases do not have to diffuse through water.
E)All of these will increase respiratory efficiency.
3
Which of the following respiratory systems is the most efficient at obtaining oxygen from the surrounding environment?
A)Mammal lungs
B)Reptile lungs
C)Amphibian lungs
D)Bird lungs
E)Fish gills
4
Which of the following animals have tracheae as their respiratory system?
A)grasshoppers
B)earthworms
C)echinoderms
D)mollusks
E)none of these
5
Which of the following is NOT true of the molecule hemoglobin?
A)Hemoglobin loads up with oxygen in the alveolar capillaries.
B)Approximately 97% of hemoglobin in red blood cells is in the form of oxyhemoglobin.
C)Hemoglobin has a lower affinity for oxygen at higher temperatures.
D)Each molecule of hemoglobin can carry one molecule of oxygen.
E)Roughly one-fifth of the oxygen carried by hemoglobin is unloaded to the tissues.
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