Biology (Raven), 9th Edition

Chapter 49: The Respiratory System

Post-Test

1
Which of the following statements is true?
A)When a bird breathes, air moves from the lungs into the posterior air sacs.
B)The hemolymph of insects binds and transports oxygen.
C)Cutaneous respiration has been demonstrated in fish, amphibians, and terrestrial reptiles.
D)In the average adult human, the surface area of the lungs is more than 400 times greater than the surface area of the body.
E)The only place where gas exchange occurs in mammalian respiratory systems is in the alveoli.
2
The respiratory control center of humans is located in the
A)diaphragm.
B)alveoli.
C)medulla oblongata of the brain stem.
D)hypothalamus of the brain.
E)larynx.
3
When do the external intercostals and the diaphragm contract?
A)during inhalation
B)during exhalation
C)during both inhalation and exhalation
D)during neither inhalation and exhalation
E)The external intercostals contract during inhalation; the diaphragm contracts during exhalation.
4
The Bohr effect explains why
A)diffusion occurs so slowly over long distances.
B)oxygen is present in the atmosphere in relatively low concentrations.
C)hemoglobin unloads its oxygen when it encounters low pH levels.
D)the visceral pleural membrane and the parietal pleural membrane are attracted to each other.
E)some introductory biology students do not like their instructor.
5
Hemoglobin can bind
A)oxygen.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)nitric oxide.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.
6
Respiration involves the movement of gases by the process of
A)facilitated transport.
B)active transport.
C)diffusion.
D)ventilation.
E)osmosis.
7
The blood obtains its oxygen by diffusion across the wet membranes of the lungs, which are filled with air in the process of
A)ventilation.
B)exhalation.
C)negative pressure breathing.
D)positive pressure breathing.
E)countercurrent flow.
8
All other terrestrial vertebrates except amphibians breathe by expanding their lungs and thereby creating a
A)negative pressure within the lungs.
B)positive pressure within the lungs.
C)neutral pressure within the lungs.
D)countercurrent pressure within the lungs.
E)directional pressure within the lungs.
9
The most efficient lungs are found in which of the terrestrial vertebrates listed below?
A)amphibians
B)reptiles
C)birds
D)mammals
E)insects
10
The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere
A)is about 78.1%.
B)is about 2l.0%.
C)is about 0.03%.
D)varies depending on the altitude.
E)varies depending on the amount of air in the atmosphere.
11
Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane depends on all of the following except
A)surface area.
B)concentration difference.
C)distance.
D)flow.
E)the substance which is diffusing.
12
The great efficiency of gills is derived from
A)the countercurrent flow of water over the gills.
B)the blood within the gills.
C)increasing the temperature of the blood to the gills.
D)the countercurrent flow of water over the fills and the blood within the gills.
E)All of these.
13
CO2 is more easily transferred into water through respiratory membranes compared to O2 because
A)CO2 is a smaller molecule than O2.
B)CO2 moves faster than O2.
C)CO2 is more soluble in water than O2.
D)CO2 has a higher surface cohesion than O2.
E)CO2 is a larger molecule than O2.
14
What is the likely scenario triggering breathing in humans?
A)low blood pCO2
B)high blood pCO2
C)low blood pO2
D)high blood pO2
E)both low blood pO2 and high blood pCO2
15
The mechanism that triggers breathing in humans is true for
A)all vertebrates.
B)just terrestrial vertebrates.
C)just aquatic vertebrates.
D)only humans.
E)only humans and invertebrates.
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