Biology (Raven), 9th Edition

Chapter 48: The Digestive System

Post-Test

1
The submucosa:
A)is a layer of muscle tissue.
B)is composed of connective tissue.
C)is the innermost tissue layer of the gut.
D)contains an epithelial lining.
E)is a layer of adipose tissue.
2
An animal with large cuspid teeth is likely to be:
A)an omnivore.
B)a carnivore.
C)a herbivore.
D)a ruminant.
E)none of the above
3
The function(s) of HCl in the stomach is/are:
A)to activate pepsinogen to become pepsin.
B)to kill most bacteria.
C)to help denature food proteins.
D)to provide the optimal pH for pepsin.
E)all of the above
4
Bile pigments:
A)emulsify fats.
B)are waste products from the liver.
C)hydrolyze starch.
D)complete the breakdown of proteins.
E)none of the above.
5
The large intestine:
A)is longer than the small intestine.
B)has villi and microvilli.
C)completes the digestive process.
D)absorbs water, electrolytes and products of bacterial metabolism.
E)all of the above
6
Coprophagy:
A)occurs in carnivores.
B)occurs in nonruminant herbivores.
C)occurs in ruminant herbivores.
D)is the eating of feces.
E)involves the digestion of wood products by symbiotic bacteria.
7
The duodenum secretes the following hormones:
A)cholecystokinin, secretin,
B)cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide
C)gastrin, secretin,
D)cholecystokinin, secretin, gastrin
E)chymotripsin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide
8
The hormones insulin and glucagon are produced by different cells in the pancreas and have antagonistic effects. Insulin promotes the cellular uptake of glucose into liver, muscle and fat cells. What occurs when blood glucose levels increase?
A)There is decreased insulin and glucagon production.
B)There is increased glucagon production.
C)Glycogen is hydrolyzed by the liver and glucose is released into the blood.
D)There is increased insulin production.
E)None of the above.
9
Leptin is a peptide hormone that is thought to be the main signaling molecule in the afferent portion of the control circuit for food intake. However, it is found in normal, or even high levels, in obese people. What might be a possible reason for this?
A)a mutant, non-functional form of leptin is present
B)lack of leptin receptors in adipose cells
C)reduced sensitivity to leptin in the brain
D)reduced sensitivity to leptin in the duodenum
E)none of the above
10
What is the most important limitation of a gastrovascular cavity, as found in cnidaria?
A)There is only one opening (i.e. no separate mouth and anus).
B)Specialization of digestive functions is not possible.
C)Only small food particles can be ingested.
D)The size of the animal is limited.
E)all of the above
11
Birds break up food particles into sizes that can be digested by:
A)chewing with their teeth.
B)the secretion of digestive enzymes in the crop.
C)the grinding action of small stones in the gizzard.
D)the grinding action of small stones in the crop.
E)none of the above
12
Peristalsis is:
A)the sphincter connecting the esophagus to the stomach.
B)a rhythmic wave of muscular contraction.
C)a digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach.
D)a specialized stomach found in ruminants.
E)none of the above
13
The main function of the villi and microvilli in the duodenum is to:
A)emulsify fats.
B)provide a very large surface area for absorption.
C)make gut transport easier.
D)complete the break down of proteins.
E)increase gut absorption time.
14
In most vertebrates, other than mammals, the reproductive and urinary tracts empty together with the digestive tract into a common cavity, the cloaca.
A)True
B)False
15
Gastrin:
A)is an enzyme.
B)is a hormone secreted by cells in the stomach.
C)is a hormone secreted by the pancreas.
D)inhibits the secretion of HCl.
E)both is a hormone secreted by cells in the stomach and inhibits the secretion of HCl.
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