Biology (Raven), 9th Edition

Chapter 47: The Musculoskeletal System

Post-Test

1
What is the sequence of events in earthworm movement?
1 = chaetae lose contact with ground
2 = chaetae dig into ground
3 = anterior circular muscles contract extending the body forward
4 = longitudinal muscles contract
5 = wave of circular muscle activity passes back in waves
A)1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B)3, 1, 5, 4, 2
C)3, 5, 1, 4, 2
D)4, 2, 3, 1, 5
E)4, 3, 2, 1, 5
2
Osteoblasts:
A)secrete alkaline phosphatase.
B)can turn into osteocytes.
C)can turn into osteoclasts.
D)are not associated with collagen fibers.
E)both secrete alkaline phosphatise AND can turn into osteocytes.
3
Isotonic contraction of muscles is when:
A)the muscle attempts to shorten but cannot do so.
B)the force of contraction remains relatively constant throughout the contraction process.
C)the muscle goes into spasms.
D)the force of contraction varies throughout the contraction process.
E)none of the above
4
What is required for striated muscles to contract?
A)release of calcium ions from troponin
B)binding of calcium ions to tropomyosin
C)binding of calcium ions to troponin
D)release of calcium ions from tropomyosin
E)none of the above
5
Some insects beat their wings at frequencies faster than the nerves can carry successive impulses.
A)True
B)False
6
What is the most significant disadvantage of an exoskeleton in insects?
A)Chitin is not a strong as bone.
B)Periodic molting must occur to allow growth.
C)Muscles cannot enlarge in size and power with use.
D)The surface area to volume ratio limits size because gas exchange is by diffusion through tracheae.
E)None of these is the most significant disadvantage.
7
Mature bone consists of:
A)hydroxyapatite crystals.
B)collagen and hydroxyapatite crystals.
C)calcium phosphate and collagen.
D)calcium phosphate.
E)sodium caltrate.
8
Synovial joints:
A)are freely movable.
B)join bones together with a synovial capsule.
C)are common in vertebrates.
D)contain lubricating fluid.
E)all of these
9
When vertebrate skeletal muscle contracts each myofilament shortens.
A)True
B)False
10
The physical constraints to movement - gravity and frictional drag - are the same in every environment, and are encountered by every animal.
A)True
B)False
11
During a muscle contraction, which of the following shortens?
A)Sarcomeres
B)A bands
C)Actin and myosin filaments
D)All of these
E)None of these
12
Cross-bridges are made of
A)troponin.
B)tropomyosin.
C)myoglobin.
D)myosin.
E)actin.
13
Which of the following is a requirement for coordinated movements?
A)A short relaxation time between successive muscle twitches.
B)The division of muscle into motor units.
C)Slow- and fast-twitch fibers.
D)Summation of muscle twitches.
E)None of the above.
14
When a somatic motor neuron delivers electrochemical impulses to stimulate the contraction of muscle fibers, it releases which of the following?
A)norepinephrine
B)dopamine
C)glumate
D)acetylcholine
E)endorphins
15
Muscle fibers store Ca2+ in which of the following?
A)transverse tubules
B)sarcolemma
C)muscle cell membranes
D)canaliculi
E)sarcoplasmic reticulum
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