Biology (Raven), 9th Edition

Chapter 35: Vertebrates

Post-Test

1
What are the four principal features that characterize the chordates?
A)nerve chord, notochord, pharyngeal slits, gills
B)segmentation, lungs, postanal tail, nerve chord
C)nerve chord, notochord, pharyngeal slits, postanal tail
D)nerve chord, segmentation, pharyngeal slits, postanal tail
E)vertebral column, notochord, pharyngeal slits, postanal tail
2
What are the nearest relatives of the chordates?
A)the deuterostomes
B)the protostomes
C)the echinoderms
D)the urochordates
E)the cephalopods
3
Tunicates are chordates but are very different from the other two subphyla. What features associated them with the other chordates?
A)possession of a cellulose coat or tunic
B)radial symmetry
C)segmentation
D)larval characteristics
E)gills
4
What adaptation(s) of the bony fishes probably led to them becoming the dominant group of fish?
A)their internal skeleton made of bone
B)evolution of the swim bladder and gill cover
C)evolution of a hinged jaw
D)evolution of fins for efficient swimming
E)two of these are correct.
5
What major factor(s) led to the amphibians being replaced as the dominant land vertebrate?
A)mass extinction at the end of the Permian period
B)mass extinction at the end of the Jurassic period
C)competition from therapsid reptiles
D)global warming
E)mass extinction at the end of the Permian period and competition from therapsid reptiles
6
What improvements do reptiles show over fish and amphibians?
A)endothermy
B)a more efficient circulatory system
C)the evolution of a thicker skull
D)reproduction in water
E)all of the above
7
True or False: Feathers probably first evolved for flight.
A)True
B)False
8
The defining characteristics of mammals are:
A)a large brain, mammary glands, and hair.
B)a large brain, endothermy, and hair.
C)endothermy, mammary glands, and hair.
D)hair, ectothermy, and mammary glands.
E)binocular vision, hair, and mammary glands.
9
What marks the beginning of the hominids?
A)increased brain size
B)bipedalism
C)binocular vision
D)opposable thumb
E)tool use
10
What feature(s) of the tunicates is/are unique to this subphylum?
A)symbiotic algae
B)segmentation
C)possession of a cellulose coat
D)some are colonial
E)two of these are correct
11
The major reasons for the success of the vertebrates was:
A)the development of a distinct head.
B)the invasion of the land.
C)the protection of the nerve chord by the vertebral column.
D)the existence of a closed circulatory system.
E)all of the above
12
What feature(s) found in most of the fishes probably led to their great success as vertebrates?
A)internal gills
B)covering of scales
C)evolution of a hinged jaw
D)evolution of fins for efficient swimming
E)both a and c
13
What was the most important key evolutionary advance that allowed the reptiles to live in a variety of habitats?
A)The evolution of stronger legs.
B)The evolution of dry skin.
C)The evolution of the amniotic egg.
D)The evolution of thoracic breathing.
E)The evolution of a thicker skull.
14
Among living animals feathers are unique to birds. However, birds share the following feature(s) with reptiles:
A)hollow bones
B)many fused bones
C)air sacs
D)scales
E)all of the above
15
Primates have two evolutionary innovations that allowed them to succeed as tree-dwelling insectivores. These are:
A)endothermy, hair
B)nocturnal vision, grasping fingers and toes
C)binocular vision, prehensile tails
D)binocular vision, grasping fingers and toes
E)nocturnal vision, prehensile tails
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