Biology (Raven), 9th Edition

Chapter 1: The Science of Biology

Post-Test

1
Which one of the following properties is not a characteristic of all living organisms?
A)Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions
B)Adaptation to environmental factors in ways that influence survival
C)Production of nutrients by photosynthesis
D)Growth and reproduction
E)Response to stimuli
2
Which of these levels of life would contain "species"?
A)Molecular organization
B)Cellular organization
C)The population level
D)Ecosystem level
E)The biosphere
3
Modern scientific hypotheses are based on
A)inductive reasoning.
B)deductive reasoning.
C)description.
D)subjectivity.
E)guesses.
4
The process of careful review on research results in scientific journals, is knows as
A)applied research.
B)deductive reasoning.
C)theory building.
D)peer-review.
E)reductionism.
5
A control experiment has all of the conditions identical to the primary experiment except that it
A)uses twice as many experimental subjects.
B)runs for a longer period of time.
C)does not have the variable being tested.
D)has more of the variable being tested.
E)None of these are correct; it is completely different.
6
Research designed to solve specific problems is called
A)basic research.
B)applied research.
C)peer review.
D)the scientific method.
E)progression.
7
Who else came up with the idea of evolution by natural selection at the same time as Darwin?
A)Charles Lyell
B)Alfred Russel Wallace
C)Thomas Malthus
D)Eratosthenes
E)No one
8
How was Thomas Malthus important in shaping Darwin's proposal for the mechanism of evolution?
A)He noticed that populations in nature are always growing, rather than staying constant over time.
B)His atheism made him view the world in a way that was not influenced by God or creationism.
C)His proposals of evolution paved the way for lines of thought that Darwin knew to be radical for its time.
D)His essays outlined how populations tend to increase in number geometrically (2, 4, 8?), while cultivated resources increase arithmetically (1, 2, 3?).
E)All of the above are reasons that influenced Darwin.
9
Structures that have the same evolutionary origin even though they may now have different structures or functions are said to be
A)phylogenetic.
B)analogous.
C)homologous.
D)immutable.
E)geometric.
10
Scientists currently classify life into three major groups called
A)genomes.
B)kingdoms.
C)phylogenetic trees.
D)domains.
E)biological communities.
11
Which of the following are analogous structures?
A)the front leg of a horse and a human arm
B)the front leg of a frog and a bat wing
C)the front flipper of a porpoise and a human arm
D)the wing of a bird and a bat wing
E)the wing of a bird and a butterfly wing
12
The more closely related two species are, the
A)less similar their DNA is.
B)more similar their DNA is.
C)Neither of these is correct; no pattern is found.
D)None of these are correct; we don't have the technology to analyze DNA.
E)None of the above are correct.
13
When scientists talk about a scientific theory, they are talking about something that
A)has been tested frequently and is supported by a lot of evidence.
B)has been proven true.
C)is wild speculation.
D)is likely to never change.
E)has been tested a few times but that there is no evidence to support it.
14
Darwin explained his theory of evolution in a book called
A)The Principle of Population.
B)Survival of the Fittest.
C)The Descent of Man.
D)On the Origin of Species.
E)Around the World in Eighty Days.
15
A young person is fascinated by bicycles and is determined to figure out how they work. He decides to disassemble one of them and examine each part independently. He removes one of the tires and proceeds to learn all he can about the tire. He then removes one of the breaks and proceeds to learn all he can about it. What type of approach is he taking to learn about the bike?
A)reductionism
B)deductive reasoning
C)inductive reasoning
D)positivism
E)objectivism
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